生防棘孢木霉T31菌株的分离筛选及其生物学特性  

Isolation,identification and biological characters of Trichoderma asperellum T31

作　　者：李琳[1] 张雅梅[1] 张祥辉[1] 刘金亮[1] 潘洪玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学植物科学学院,吉林省资源微生物功能研究工程中心,长春130062

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2014年第1期54-60,共7页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B04;2014BAD14B02);吉林省发展与改革委员会产业专项(2013C001);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103016);吉林省玉米产业技术体系岗位科学家(201203-1)

摘　　要：为评价具有生防潜力的棘孢木霉,采用平板对峙法、对扣培养法、圆盘滤膜法从长白山土样中分离筛选出木霉菌株T31,结合形态学及分子生物学分析对其进行种类鉴定,并采用菌丝生长法研究了该菌株的生物学特性。所分离的菌株T31被鉴定为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum,该菌株对8种靶标菌的抑菌率在44.49%~77.91%之间,其中,对玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum、核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、腐霉菌Pythiumuhtimum sp.及镰刀菌Fusarium sp.均有较强生长竞争优势,对玉米灰斑病菌Magnaporthe oryzae具明显重寄生作用。菌株T31的最适培养基为PDA培养基,最适生长温度为30℃、最适产孢温度为25℃,最适pH值为6。持续光照可以促进木霉菌孢子产生,Zn^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)利于菌丝生长,但是高浓度的Fe^(2+)和Cu^(2+)抑制菌丝生长,Mn^(2+)和Mg^(2+)可促进产孢。此外,与普通木霉菌相比,该菌株具有耐寒性及耐盐性。One Trichoderma sp. strain named T31 was isolated and screened through the strategies of confrontation culture, cultivating face to face, and cultivating in cellophane film from Changbai Mountain soil. It was identified based on the morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. The biological characters were studied according to its colony growth. T31 was identified as Trichoderma asperellum. The inhibition rate of T31 was ranged from 44.49% to 77.91% to eight pathogenic fungi, and the strain had strong competitive dominance against Exserohilum turcicum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythiumuhtimum and Fusarium. T31 had the significant parasitic effect against Magnaporthe oryzae. PDA was the most favorable medium for the mycelium growth and spores production. The optimum temperature of mycelium growth was 30 ℃, and the optimum temperature of spores production was 25 ℃. The optimum pH was 6. Interestingly, continuous light could promote spores production. Zn^2＋, Mn^2＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ could promote mycelium growth, but Fe^2＋ and Cu^2＋ with high concentrations could inhibit the growth of mycelium. Mn^2＋ and Mg^2＋ could promote spores production slightly. Compared with the ordinary strains, the T.asperellum could resist cold and salt.

关 键 词：生防菌 分离筛选 棘孢木霉 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]