山东省棉田杂草种类及其群落结构  

Species and community structure of weeds in cotton fields in Shandong Province

作　　者：王兆振[1] 杜龙[1] 刁金贤[1] 郭文磊[1] 张乐乐[1] 王金信[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2014年第1期103-108,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-07-011-08)

摘　　要：为明确山东省棉田杂草发生、危害情况,采用倒置"W"取样法对山东省主要棉区杂草种类及其群落结构进行了调查,并进行物种多样性分析。结果表明:山东省棉田杂草68种,隶属于24科、49属,其中优势杂草4种,区域优势杂草10种,常见杂草17种,一般杂草37种。牛筋草Eleusine indica、马齿苋Portulaca oleracea、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、铁苋菜Acalypha australis是构成不同棉区杂草群落的优势杂草。鲁西南棉区物种丰富度、多样性均高于其它棉区,但辛普森指数和均匀度指数低于鲁西北棉区。从相似性指数和聚类分析结果可以看出,山东省4个主要棉区可归为两大类,其中鲁北和鲁东北棉区的杂草群落结构最为相似,相似性指数高达0.833;鲁西南和鲁西北棉区归为另一类,相似性指数仅为0.637。To clarify the occurrence and damage of weeds in cotton fields of Shandong Province, weed species and the community structure was investigated using sampling methods of inverted W-pattern in main cotton-growing areas, and then the species diversity was analyzed. The results showed that 68 weed species, which belong to 24 families and 49 genera, existed in the cotton fields of Shandong Province. Among these species, 4, 10, 17, and 37 weed species were considered as dominant weeds, regional dominant weeds, common weeds and normal weeds, respectively. The overall abundance of Eleusine indica, Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria sanguinalis, Acalypha australis was relatively higher. In the southwest cotton region, the variety and diversity of weeds were greater than those of other regions, but the Simpson index and Pielou index were lower than those of the northwest cotton region. Based on the similarity index and cluster analysis, cotton regions of Shandong can be divided into two categories. Similarity of community structure between the north and northeast cotton regions was very close, of which the similarity index was as high as 0.833, much higher than that of the southwest and northwest cotton regions, whose similarity index was only 0.637.

关 键 词：棉花 杂草种类 群落结构 物种多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]