中国农村12～17岁中学生忽视评价常模的研制  

Development of neglect evaluation norms for 12-17 middle school students in rural areas of China

作　　者：潘建平[1] 杨武悦[1,2] 陈晶琦[3] 席卫平[4] 张慧颖[5] 彭玉林[6] 古桂雄[7] 张雅琴[8] 钟朝晖[9] 焦锋[10] 秦锐[11] 李骏[12] 褚英[13] 王维清[1] 马乐[1] 滕红[1] 高引莉[1] 应艳红[1] 武万良[1] 杨文娟[1] 刘婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健系,陕西710061 [2]西安市妇幼保健院 [3]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院儿童青少年卫生研究所 [4]山西省妇幼保健院儿童保健部 [5]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院 [6]河南省教育厅体育卫生艺术教育处 [7]苏州大学附属儿童医院 [8]海南省妇幼保健院 [9]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院 [10]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院 [11]江苏省妇幼保健院 [12]西安市疾病预防控制中心 [13]徐州市妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第2期165-168,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81172688)

摘　　要：目的研制出适合我国国情的农村12～17岁中学生忽视评价常模，为今后开展儿童忽视的相关研究及预防干预措施提供科学依据。方法根据多阶段分层整群抽样原则，在全国7个省和2个直辖市的28个县，共抽取12—17岁中学生6194名，男、女各半，少数民族学生占6．4％。采用问卷调查法收集数据，研究所用的忽视量表包含6个忽视层面72个题项。对回收所得数据进行项目分析、因素分析、信度与效度分析后，逐步删除未达到统计学要求的题项，从而形成正式量表，最终完成常模研制。结果经统计分析，量表最终保留题项57个。共进行5次因素分析，信度检验结果显示，量表的Cronbachα系数为0．914，分半信度系数为0．890，重测信度为0．807，均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）；外部效度检验结果显示，量表能客观反映受试对象受忽视的状况，但被试者对忽视的主观感受与客观评价不够一致。忽视量表判断受试儿童是否受到忽视的界值点为140。结论本常模具有良好的鉴别力、可靠性和稳定性，实际应用时易于理解、便于操作，适合在全国范围内推广和应用。但学生对忽视的认识还存在误区，急需干预和改善。Objective To develop the Neglect Evaluation Norms initially which are suitable for 12-17 middle school students of rural areas in China, and to provide a scientific basis for Chinese children neglect research and prevention interventions in future. Methods According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, investigating 12- 17 middle school students, total 6 194 cases, equal number of men and women, Minorities accounted for 6.4% approximately. Data were collected by questionnaire survey, and completed by students. The neglect questionnaires contain six levels of neglect, 72 items. Proceeding project analysis, factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis for recovery of the data, deleting the items which have not reach statistical requirements （P〉0.05） step by step. Then form the formal scales,and completed the initial development of the Norms at last. Results Delete the items which didn＇t reach significant requirements after statistical analysis, were deleted 15 items and the retained numbers of items is 57. The scale proceed 5 factor analysis, reliability test results showed that the Cronbach alpha coeffi- cient is 0. 914, split-half reliability is 0. 890, the retest reliability is 0. 807, the differences were significant （ P〈0.05 ）. The test results of external validity indicated the scale could all reflect the neglect status of the subjects objectively, but the objective and subjective neglect were inconformity. The cut off points for judging children whether neglected or not of the scale is 140. Conclu- sion The norm have good discriminability, good reliability and validity, reliability and stability. The objective and subjective neg- lect are inconformity enough, which just show students and patriarches＇ cognition for neglect still have misunderstanding, need to intervene and improve urgently. The norms is easy to understand, easy to operate in practical application and conform to China＇s national situations, which are worthwhile to promote and apply widely across

关 键 词：虐待儿童 农村人口 学生 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R181.23[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]