中国农村留守与非留守儿童忽视现状分析  

Situation of child neglect between left-behind children and living-with-parents children in rural areas of China

作　　者：杨文娟[1,2] 潘建平[1] 杨武悦[1,3] 王维清[1] 马乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西710061 [2]渭南职业技术学院 [3]西安市妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第2期169-171,174,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81172688)

摘　　要：目的了解中国农村留守与非留守小学生受忽视状况，为制定有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，从全国9个省／直辖市抽取农村6—11岁（一-六年级）小学生7887名，采用“中国农村6～8岁小学生忽视评价常模”及“中国农村9～11岁小学生忽视评价常模”制定的量表进行问卷调查。结果6—8岁组（一～三年级）留守儿童占34．1％（1301／3819名），9～11岁组（四一六年级）中留守儿童占40．5％（1646／4068名）；6～8岁组中，留守儿童和非留守儿童忽视率分别为48．5％和35．7％，忽视度分别为（47．64±9．44）和（45．34±8．53）（P值均〈0．01）；男性留守儿童和非留守儿童忽视度分别为（48．08±9．53）和（45．52±8．32），女性留守儿童和非留守儿童忽视度分别为（47．21±9．34）和（45．15±8．75）（P值均〈0．01）。9—11岁组留守儿童和非留守儿童忽视率分别为49．7％和37．4％，忽视度分别为（46．61±10．58）和（43．59±10．15）（P值均〈0．01），男性留守儿童和非留守儿童忽视度分别为（47．33±9．96）和（44．38±10．04），女性留守儿童和非留守儿童忽视度分别为（45．90±11．10）和（42．81±10．21）（P值均〈0．01）。结论中国农村小学生的忽视问题非常严重，留守儿童忽视率和忽视度均高于非留守儿童，应引起重视。Objective To study the situation of child neglect between left-behind children and non-left-behind in the rural pupils of China and to provide scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods By using multistage stratified cluster sampling method, from the 9 provinces { municipalities directly under the central government）, 6 to 11 years of age elementary students （ 7 887 people） were randomly extracted from the national rural, including 6 to 8 years of 3 819 and 9 to 11 years of 4 068 respectively. Scales and evaluation methods in the ＂Chinese rural 6-8 years children neglected evaluation model＂ and the ＂ Chi- nese rural 9-11 years Children neglected evaluation model＂ were used in this study. Results Among the 7 887 children, the left- behind children were 34.1% （ 1 301/3 819 ） in the 6-8 years old group （ the total neglect rate ： 40.2%, the total neglect degrees ： 46.02±8.87 ） and 40.5% （ 1 646/4 068 ） in the 9-11 years old group （ the total neglect rate ： 42.5%, the total neglect degrees ： 44.79±10.44）. In the 6-8 years old group, the neglect rates for left-behind children and living-with parents were respectively 48.5% and 35.7% （P〈0.01 }, and the neglect degree were respectively 47.64 ± 9.44 and 45.34 ± 8.53 （ P〈 0.01 ）. In boy＇s group, the degrees of these two kinds of children were 48.08±9.53 and 45.52±8.32 （ P〈0.01 ） ; In girl＇s group, the degrees of these two kinds of children were 47.21 ±9.34 and 45.15±8.75 （ P〈0.01 ）. In the 9-11 years old group, the neglect rates for left- behind children and living-with parents were respectively 49.7% and 37.4% （ P〈0.01 ）, and the neglect degree were respectively 46.61± 10.58 and 43.61± 10.17 （ P〈0.01 ）. In boy＇s group, the degrees of these two kinds of children were 44.38 ± 10.04 and 47.33±9.96 （ P〈0.01 ） ; In girl＇s group, the degrees of these two kinds of children were 45.90± 11.10 and 42.81 ± 10. 21 （ P〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The situation of childre

关 键 词：农村人口 儿童虐待 中国 精神卫生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]