基于受力特性的青年人群负重行走疲劳特征分析  

Analysis on Fatigue Characteristics of Weight-bearing Walking in Young Adults Based on Force Property.

作　　者：向颖[1] 谌玉红[2] 周前祥[1] 李晨明[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学教育部生物力学与力生物学重点实验室,北京100191 [2]解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2014年第1期59-63,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国防基础科研项目(A0920132003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31170895)

摘　　要：目的探讨人体负重行走过程中肩、腰、背部位的受力特点及分布规律,同时根据受力规律探索一种建立人体负重行走的动态疲劳模型,为负重行走任务设计及背包工效仿真提供参考价值。方法将采集到的肩、腰、背部的压力数据进行平均化处理,找出其各个部位的受力特点与规律,然后采用多元线性回归法建立以志愿者主观感受值为因变量,时间及压力在时间上的累积量(即力的冲量I=Ft)为自变量的疲劳模型。结果负重情况下志愿者肩、腰、背的受力均表现为一侧大,另一侧小。根据此特性将志愿者肩、腰、背受力大一侧和受力小一侧各归为一类,然后建立其疲劳模型。结论人体在负重行走过程中肩、腰、背的受力是不对称的并且差异很大。通过受力规律建立的多元化疲劳模型线性拟合度很高,且避免了将疲劳模型单一化,其对负重行走任务设计及背包工效的仿真具有重要参考意义。Objective To investigate the force bearing and distribution characteristics oi diiierent body parts in- cluding the shoulder, waist, and back in young people under loaded walking, and try to establish a dynamic fatigue model for the loaded walking based on the mechanical law, which may be useful for the loaded walking mission design and backpack ergonomic simulation. Methods The mechanical characteristics and law were an- alyzed by averaging the pressure data collected from the shoulder, waist, back. Then a fatigue model was es- tablished by the Multiple linear regression, in which independent variables were time and the accumulation of pressure in time （ that is I = Ft）, and the dependent variables were the values of subjective feelings. Results Under the loaded walking condition, it was found that the forces exerted on the volunteers＇ shoulder, waist and back on one side were larger than those on the other. Therefore, the body was divided into 2 types on the basis of the stress condition, and the fatigue model was established accordingly. Conclusion The stress on the shoulder, waist and back were asymmetrical and different when people were in loaded walking. With the me- chanical law, the proposed pluralistic fatigue model had a good linear fitting degree and the simplification of model was avoided. It may play an important role in loaded walking mission design and the backpack ergonom- ic simulation.

关 键 词：负重行走 受力特性 冲量 疲劳模型 

分 类 号：R857.11[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]