新型扩散云室搭建及其对黄山地区大气冰核的观测研究  

Development of New Diffusion Cloud Chamber Type and Its Observation Study of Ice Nuclei in the Huangshan Area

作　　者：苏航[1,2] 银燕[1] 陆春松[1] 蒋惠[1] 杨磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室,南京210044 [2]沈阳中心气象台,沈阳110016

出　　处：《大气科学》2014年第2期386-398,共13页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目41030962;40975084;高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类资助课题20113228110002;中国气象局局校合作建设项目20110107;江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);江苏省自然科学基金BK20130988

摘　　要：本研究利用自行搭建的大气冰核高压静电采样器和静力真空水汽扩散云室，并结合其他大气冰核及气象要素观测仪器，于2011年5-9月及2012年9-10月在黄山三层不同高度上同时进行大气冰核及相关气象要素的连续观测。结果显示：黄山地区总冰核数浓度平均为18．74L-1，凝结冻结核化冰核数浓度平均为0．79L-1，凝华核化冰核数浓度平均为0．19L-1。黄山地区冰核数浓度，随着高度的增加而减小；且存在春季较高、秋季居中、夏季较少的季节变化规律；下午达到一天中的最高值，夜晚达到一天中的最低值；总冰核数浓度较北方少。黄山山顶冰核数浓度随活化温度的升高而减小，随过饱和度的升高而增大，随风速的增强而增大，长期主要由西南风向山顶的输送，且其主要由大粒子来充当。In this study, a high-voltage ice nuclei collector and a static vacuum water vapor diffusion cloud chamber, which were developed by the author, were combined with additional atmospheric ice nuclei and meteorological element observation instruments to simultaneously observe the constant ice nuclei and meteorological elements at three heights of Huangshan area from May to September 2011 and from September to October 2012. The results show that in the study region, the average number concentration of ice nuclei is 18.74 L-1 in total nucleate mode, 0.79 L-l in condensation freezing nucleate mode, and 0.79 L-1 in deposition nucleate mode. The number concentration of ice nuclei on the Huangshan area declined with an increase in altitude to remain higher in spring, moderate in autumn, and lower in summer, attaining the peak value in the afternoon and the minimum value at night. The number concentration of ice nuclei observed in this area is lower than that in the northern parts of the country. The number concentration of ice nuclei on the top of Huangshan Mountain decreased with an increase in activation temperature and increased upon supersaturation. Moreover, the value increased with anincrease in wind speed, mainly from the southwest to the top of Huangshan Mountain. However, the concentration of ice nuclei on the top of Huangshan Mountain has been more significantly affected by aerosols transported over long distances from the northeast direction, which mainly created large particles.

关 键 词：大气冰核 云室 核化机制 数浓度 

分 类 号：P401[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]