4种土壤处理除草剂对龙葵的防除效果及安全性评价  

The Effects of Four Soil-applied Herbicides on Control of Solanum nigrum L.and Safety Evaluation

作　　者：梁友[1] 贾会娟[1] 董雪[1] 李晶晶[1] 刘彦龙[1] 曹振军 王春娟[1] 杨德松[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区普通高校重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]浙江省安吉县园林绿化管理处,浙江安吉313300

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2014年第1期102-108,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100508)

摘　　要：采用盆栽法研究乙氧氟草醚、五氟磺草胺、二甲戊灵、仲丁灵4种土壤处理除草剂对龙葵的防除效果,评价4种药剂对的棉花安全性。结果表明乙氧氟草醚180.0 g/hm2以上时对龙葵出苗率有显著影响,但是随着剂量的增加对棉花抑制也逐渐增强,高剂量严重影响棉花根的生长,抑制率高达40%;五氟磺草胺各处理对龙葵和棉花叶绿素、类胡萝卜素显著降低,严重影响植株生长;仲丁灵只有最高剂量1 584.0 g/hm2对龙葵防效达60.0%,但对棉花安全性差,不仅抑制棉花的出苗,还影响叶绿素和物质的合成;二甲戊灵对棉花和龙葵叶绿素有较小的影响,对其它各项生理指标与对照无显著差异。因此,推荐使用乙氧氟草醚180.0,240.0 g/hm2作为大田施用剂量,能有效防除龙葵,且对棉花安全性较好,不推荐五氟磺草胺施用于棉田。This article reports the controlling effect of oxyfluorfen ,penoxsulam ,pendimethalin and butralin on Solanum nigrum L.and the safety of its use in cotton .The results of pot experiment indicated that oxyfluorfen above 180.0 g/hm2 was effective incontrolling S.nigrum,but high-dose seriously inhibited the growth of cotton root.The highest dose of butralin 1 584.0 g/hm2 could control S.nigrum effectively,other doses had no signifi-cant effect on S.nigrum.But butralin was not safe for cotton ,it not only inhibited the emergence of cotton ,but also affected the synthesis of chlorophyll and dry matter .Penoxsulam severely inhibited the growth of S.nigrum and cotton ,and affected the weight of cotton root .The recommended dose of oxyfluorfen used in the field is 180.0,240.0 g/hm2,which can control S.nigrum effectively,and better security for cotton.Penoxsulam is not recommended for controlling S.nigrum in cotton field.

关 键 词：土壤处理除草剂 龙葵 棉花 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]