论集体劳资行动在美国的合法化进程及其启示  

The Legalization of Collective Industrial Actions in US and the Inspiration Thereof

作　　者：陈融[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法律系,上海200241

出　　处：《学术界》2014年第2期212-218,312,共7页Academics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"英美合同效力学说的变迁与实践"的阶段性成果(13BFX091);国家公派留学基金资助

摘　　要：在19世纪或之前的自由资本主义上升时期,劳动者的劳资行动在美国得不到法律保护。19世纪末及20世纪初以来,系列立法及司法判决逐步放松了对劳资行动的制裁,1935年颁布的《国家劳资关系法》明确宣布雇员的集体行动是促进劳资双方平等谈判权的手段。二战后的美国立法继承了对劳资行动的合法认可,但对于工会的权利予以一定的限制和调整。劳动权已属于基本人权的范畴,确认集体劳资行动合法性是各国法律史国际法文件的共识。中国急需在立法上明确劳动者的罢工自由,同时从目的、主体、程序、方式等方面设定罢工的合法要件,由此依法疏导劳动者的诉求,有序解决劳资纠纷。During or before 19th century,labor's industrial action couldn't gain legal protection.Since the end of the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th century,serial legislations and judicial judgments gradually relaxed the sanctions tow ards industrial actions. Wagner Act 1935 clearly declared that employee's industrial action was the strategy to improve the equal negotiation between labor and their employers. After World War Ⅱ,the legislation continued to approve the legality of industrial actions,though limited some rights of union. Now adays,labor rights have been recognized as basic human rights. Chinese law is suggested to declare the freedom of strike,and legally limits the industrial actions from the purpose,subject,procedure and method thereof.

关 键 词：集体劳资行动 美国 合法化 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.5