‘瓯柑’及其无子突变体花粉发育的细胞学观察  

Cytological observation of pollen development in ‘Ougan'(Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka) and its seedless mutant

作　　者：张迟[1] 张敏[1] 朱铨[1] 刘志辉[1] 颜福花 吴连海 徐象华 周晓音[3] 陈翔[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江省丽水市林业科学研究院,浙江丽水323000 [3]浙江省丽水市农业局.浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《果树学报》2014年第2期265-269,F0003,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31000897);浙江省自然科学基金(Y3090494);浙江农林大学校科研发展基金项目(2007FR106)

摘　　要：【目的】观察‘瓯柑’及其无子突变体的花粉形态和花药发育过程,探讨‘无子瓯柑’花粉败育的时期和方式。【方法】以雄性不育的‘无子瓯柑’和可育的有子瓯柑为试材,采用半薄树脂切片、扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法对其花药发育过程和花粉形态进行观察。【结果】有子瓯柑花粉粒饱满,‘无子瓯柑’花粉粒多干瘪、畸形。‘无子瓯柑’小孢子母细胞形成期正常,在四分体时期开始出现异常,在单核期出现明显异常,虽然能形成花粉壁,但小孢子细胞质收缩、解体,最终只剩余空瘪的花粉壳。在成熟花粉粒时期,‘无子瓯柑’花药的绒毡层附近有大量的脂类物质残存,营养物质未能被花粉粒充分利用,有子瓯柑绒毡层附近无脂类物质残存,营养物质被花粉粒利用充分。【结论】‘无子瓯柑’花粉母细胞正常,花粉败育开始于小孢子母细胞减数分裂期至四分体时期,小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程的不正常是导致其花粉败育的主要原因。[Objective] Experiments were performed to observe pollen development of the ＇Ougan＇ and its seedless mutant ＇Wuzi Ougan＇ and to find cytological mechanism of the pollen abortion. [Method] Anther development and pollen morphology were examined by semi-thin sections, scan electronic microscopy （SCM） and transmission electronic microscopy in ＇Wuzi Ougan＇ and its wild type （Ougan）. [Result] The results showed that compared with the fertile line seedy Ougan, the pollen grains of ＇Wuzi Ougan＇ remained empty and abnormal in shape, and the formative period of mierospore mother eell was normal until the tetrad stage. The abortion was obvious at early microspore stage of ＇Wuzi Ougan＇, though it eould form the pollen wall, the mierospore cytoplasm shrank, eollapsed, and remained empty pollen shell at last. At the stage of mature pollen grain, seedy Ougan had no lipids surrounded to tapetum layer. By contrast, the neighbor of tapetum in ＇Wuzi Ougan＇ remained plenty of lipids which could be used for the development of pollen grains. [Conclusion] ＇Wuzi Ougan＇ had normal microspore mother eell, and the mierospore abortion occurred from microsporocyte meiosis stage to tetrad stage.

关 键 词：'无子瓯柑’ 花粉败育 小孢子母细胞 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]