18种降噪耳塞频谱声衰减值特性比较  

Study on the attenuation of eighteen types of earplugs in different frequencies with REAT method

作　　者：顾缨缨[1] 梅勇[1] 张瑞[1] 代浩[1] 王桠男[1] 单琳琳[1] 任勇 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430065 [2]武汉市石化医院,湖北武汉430082

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2014年第2期81-85,90,共6页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的通过对耳塞降噪功能的频谱声学特性进行检测，了解耳塞的频谱降噪值是否达到国家标准，并比较国内外防噪耳塞的频谱降噪值，为工业企业有效选择防噪耳塞提供参考依据。方法正常听力受试人员16人，采用1／3倍频程窄带噪声，中心频谱为0．125-8kHz，采用真耳听阈衰减法（REAT）的声场测试方法，每位受试人员分别测试18种耳塞，得到18种防噪耳塞的频谱声衰减平均值，采用方差分析比较其差别，并与国内外标准进行比较。结果每种耳塞的声衰减值在不同频率上差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01），从低频到高频呈缓慢上升趋势，且18种耳塞频谱声衰减效果不全相等（P〈0．01）。经方差分析和聚类分析，将18种耳塞分为A、B、C、D4类，其中A、B、C3类耳塞降噪效果均符合BSEN352--2--2002欧盟标准；D类耳塞声衰减值只有在8kHz上达到欧盟标准。与我国标准GB5893．1—1986比较，18种耳塞达标率为61％；A类耳塞全部符合国家标准，B类中有4种耳塞在4kHz上的声衰减值不达标，C类耳塞只有在0．5kHz频率上的声衰减值达标，D类耳塞不达标。结论耳塞的降噪值随噪声频率改变而变化，A类耳塞频谱声衰减效果达标情况良好，可推荐使用。耳塞的材质、形状可能是影响耳塞频谱声衰减值的主要因素。与欧盟标准比较，我国标准中缺少8kHz标准值，建议我国在制定耳塞评价标准时，考虑增加频谱范围。Objective To detect and compare the hearing threshold attenuation of eighteen types of earplugs in different frequencies, comparing them with the national standards and finding out whether the earplugs have the enough noise reduction rating. Methods REAT testing was used, hearing threshold attenu- ation was made through 1/3octave bands of narrow band noise（center frequency 0. 125 kHz, 0. 25 kHz, 0. 5 kHz, 1 kHz,2 kHz, 3 kHz,4 kHz, 6 kHz,8 kHz）, the Analysis of variance was used to inspect the differences of earplug attenuations. Results The analyses indicated that there were statistical difference among the eight- een earplugs cross the nine frequencies（P0.01）. Seventeen types of earplugs met with the BS EN352--2-- 2002 standard, one earplugs made in china did not meet with the standards except 8 kHz. Eighteen earplugs was compared with Our country＇s standard（GB 5893.1--86）, 61 of earplugs up to standard, the acoustic attenuation values of all earplugs in class A, met standard; In class B, there were four earplugs reaching the standard except the attenuation values on 4 kHz Earplug in class C did not comply with the standard except 0.5 kHz Class D earplug was substandard. There was no statistical significance of the rate of reaching the standard between domestic earplugs and importing earplugs（P0.05）. Conclusions The earplugs noise re- duction values varied with frequency, earplugs in class A could be recommended to use in noise environment because of the good noise reduction effect, and the material and shape of earplugs may be the main factors af- fecting the acoustic attenuation values. Further research may be demanded, which due to the less--than--ideal rate of reach the standard. A suggestion that our country should increase the range of frequency in earplug e- valuation criterion was putted forward.

关 键 词：护耳器 耳塞 声衰减 真耳听阈衰减法 

分 类 号：R136.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]