2012年青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害调查  

Investigation of health impairment in welders caused by manganese exposure in Qingdao city in 2012

作　　者：徐春生[1] 张华强[1] 王洪林[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市疾病预防控制中心,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2014年第2期100-104,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：青岛市卫生局科研项目(2009-WSZD068)

摘　　要：目的了解青岛市电焊工主诉锰暴露职业健康损害症状,以便采取措施,预防电焊工职业性慢性锰中毒的发生。方法 2012年3-4月,在青岛市选择国有、外资及私营3种性质的机械制造企业电焊工进行问卷调查。结果在所调查的505名电焊工主诉的16种锰暴露职业健康损害症状中,眼部不适、咽喉痛、经常咳嗽、夜间腿抽筋、食欲下降的发生率分别为43.4%、30.1%、22.8%、16.8%及14.1%;其他11项症状的发生率均在10%以下。不同性质的工业企业电焊工主诉症状比较,有10项差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同户籍性质的电焊工主诉症状比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。电焊工食欲下降、夜间腿抽筋2项症状与吸烟有关(P<0.05)。眼部不适、咽喉痛等11项主诉症状与工龄有关(P<0.05),工龄越长,发生率越高。电焊工主诉症状种类数与工龄、作业岗位锰浓度呈明显正相关关系,但与工龄相关关系并不密切(相关系数<0.5)。结论青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害症状发生率较高,国有企业和外资企业应加强职业卫生管理,防制电焊工职业性慢性锰中毒的发生。Objective To understand the health impairment in welders caused by manganese exposure in Qingdao city so as to take appropriate measures for preventing and controlling chronic manganese poisoning. Methods Welders in machinery manufacturing enterprises involving three different sectors, the state- owned, foreign and private sectors, were investigated by questionnaire from March to April of 2012. Result- s Among 505 welders investigated all together 16 symptoms complained of, in which uncomfortable eyes, sore throat, frequent cough, cramp in legs at night and poor appetite occupied 43. 4~, 30. 1%, 22.8%, 16.8% and 14.1% respectively. The rest 11 symptoms occupied no more over 10 % （P〈0.05）. Ten symp- toms in welders from enterprises of different sectors showed significant difference （P ~0. 05）. Symptoms complained by welders from different household registration sources showed no significant difference. Two symptoms, the poor appetite and cramp in legs at night, correlated with smoking habit（P〈0.05）. 11 symp- toms complained including uncomfortable eyes and sore throat were associated with length of service. The lon- ger the length of service, the more positive symptom the welders complained of. The number of symptom categories positively correlated with the length of service and manganese concentration in the workplaces. However, the correlation with the length of service was not close （correlation coefficient ~ 0.5 ）. Conclusions The positive symptoms complained by manganese exposed welders are rather numerous in Qing- dao city. It is crucial to strengthen occupational health management and to prevent and control chronic manga- nese poisoning especially in enterprises of state--owned and foreign sectors are crucial.

关 键 词：电焊工 锰暴露 职业健康损害症状 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]