油茶授粉受精及早期胚胎发育  

Pollination,Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：廖婷[1] 袁德义[1] 高超[1] 邹锋[1] 唐静[1] 谭晓风[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学 经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室 经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,长沙410004

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第2期50-55,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“油茶自交败育机制研究”(31170639)

摘　　要：以油茶‘湘林XLC15’为试材,采用荧光显微观察、切片荧光观察和石蜡切片法,研究油茶的授粉受精和早期胚胎发育过程。结果表明:油茶授粉后2 h花粉萌发,48 h花粉管长至花柱基部,60 h花粉管通过一个退化的助细胞开始进入胚囊,为珠孔受精方式,观察到的花粉管进入胚囊的比例为23%。精细胞与二极核相互融合主要发生于授粉后3～10天,精卵细胞的融合主要发生于授粉后5～16天,配子的融合属有丝分裂前类型。初生胚乳核形成后即开始进行有丝分裂,胚乳的发育类型为核型胚乳,胚乳核极不发达,胚乳细胞大、个数少。合子经历约4个月的休眠后开始发育,授粉后200天形成球形胚,具有明显的胚柄,胚的发育类型为茄型。The processes of pollination, fertilization and embryo development in Camellia oleifera ＇ Xianglin XLC15 ＇ were examined under a microscope. The results showed that the pollen germination occurred in 2 h after pollination, the pollen tubes grew up to the base of the style in 48 h after pollination. The pollen tubes entered into the embryo sac through a degenerated synergid, which belonged to the porogamy type. Approximate 23% of the pollen tubes were observed to penetrate into the embryo sac. The fusion of sperm cells and polar nucleus mainly occurred in 3 - 10 days after pollination, while fusion of sperm cell and egg cell occurred in 5 - 16 days after pollination. The double fertilization was of the premitotic syngamy type. The primary endosperm nucleus did not begin to mitosis until they were formed, and the development of endosperm belonged to the nuclear type. Endosperm nucleuses were extremely underdeveloped, the endosperm was composed with large but few cells. The zygote resumed rapid growth after a dormant period of 4 months, and later globular embryo with obvious suspensor formation in 200 days following pollination. Thus, the development of＇ embryo conformed to the Solanad type.

关 键 词：油茶 授粉 受精 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]