季风与极涡的异常配置下中国夏季大尺度旱涝分布  

The distribution of large-scale drought/flood of summer in China under different configurations of monsoon and polar vortex

作　　者：季飞[1] 赵俊虎[1,2] 申茜[1] 支蓉[2] 龚志强[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州730000 [2]国家气候中心气候研究开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《物理学报》2014年第5期456-465,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2013CB430204和2012CB955902);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41375078和40930952);公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201106016)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：从冷暖系统配置的角度,选取东亚夏季风(EASM)和7月亚洲区极涡面积(APVA),分析了二者的气候特征与中国夏季降水分布之间的关系.在此基础上,将1951—2010年EASM和APVA的异常配置分为四种类型:A:季风强、极涡大;B:季风强、极涡小;C:季风弱、极涡大;D:季风弱、极涡小.研究发现,二者的异常配置下,中国夏季大尺度旱涝分布在季尺度上表现出多面性特征:A型年,夏季整体偏旱;B型年,夏季南涝北旱;C型年,夏季北涝南旱;D型年,夏季整体偏涝.由此可见,中国夏季旱涝总体分布除了与EASM有关外还与APVA密切相关,二者异常的不同配置下,夏季降水多寡和旱涝分布表现出了显著的差异和规律性,这对夏季降水总体趋势预测有一定的指示意义.此外,通过研究不同配置关系对应大气环流异常特征,并分析不同要素在夏季风和极涡关系变化中的作用,发现不同配置类型下夏季降水表现出的差异和规律性直接取决于环流场的整体配置,其中西太副高和中高纬阻塞形势起主导作用.From the view of warm and cold system configuration, an East Asian summer monsoon（EASM） index and the Asian polar vortex area（APVA） index in July were selected, and their climatic characteristics and relationships with the distribution of summer rainfall over China were analyzed. On this basis, the relationships between the EASM and APVA in July from 1951 to 2010 were divided into four types： type A, stronger monsoon and bigger polar vortex area; type B,stronger monsoon and smaller polar vortex; type C, weaker monsoon and bigger polar vortex; type D, weaker monsoon and smaller polar vortex. Based on the method of composite analysis, we found that on the seasonal scale, large-scale distributions of summer droughts and fioods over China showed multi-faceted characteristics in difierent configurations of the EASM and the APVA in July. In A type years, the summer rainfall of China was overall less than normal, the region between eastern parts of Northwest and the western parts of North China, and the eastern regions of Northeast sufiered from fiood, while Yangtze River valley sufiered from drought; in B type years, it had fiood in South and drought in North, and the precipitation in the south/north of northern regions in the Yangtze River valley was more/less than normal; in C type years, North China was fiooded and South of China sufiered from drought, while the precipitation in the northern parts of the Huaihe River valley was more than normal; and in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and to its south the precipitation was less than normal; in D type years, the overall summer rainfall was more than normal, with the precipitation core lying in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Thus, it can be seen that the distribution of summer rainfall is not only related to the EASM, but also to the PAVA in July. Under difierent configurations of the both, the precipitation and its distribution display obvious difierence and regularity, which, to some extent, have efiects on predicting the total

关 键 词：东亚夏季风 亚洲区极涡面积 旱涝分布 大气环流 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]