天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川融水径流水化学特征研究  

A study of hydrochemical characteristics of meltwater runoff of the rümqi Glacier No. 1,Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：冯芳[1,2] 冯起[1] 刘贤德 李忠勤[2] 刘蔚[1] 金爽[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所阿拉善荒漠生态-水文试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2014年第1期183-191,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(41121001);国家自然科学基金项目(91025012;1141001040;41101066;41171057;41240001);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLCS-ZZ-2012-01-01);中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M532094)资助

摘　　要：2006年和2007年的整个消融期内,在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川末端水文控制点逐日定时采集融水径流样品,对样品的主要可溶离子、pH、电导率EC、总溶解固体TDS和悬移质颗粒物SPM进行了分析.结果表明:天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川融水径流离子类型为Ca2+-HCO-3-SO2-4,呈弱碱性.融水径流中TDS变化受日径流量调节显著,表现为消融初期和末期浓度较高,消融强烈时浓度较低;SPM以细颗粒物质为主,各粒度组分含量变化幅度较大,且质量浓度SSC年内变化与TDS呈相反的变化趋势.融水径流中离子组成主要受岩石风化作用影响,离子摩尔比值和Piper图分析表明,控制冰川径流离子组成的主要过程是碳酸盐、黄铁矿和长石类矿物风化作用.The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics of the meltwater runoff of ürümqi Glacier No. 1 in the Tianshan Mountains. The 2-year continuous meltwater samples, taken in the abla- tion seasons of 2006 and 2007, were analyzed for major cations （ Mg^2＋ , Ca^2＋ , Na^＋ , and K^＋ ） and anions （ SO4^2- , NO3- and Cl^ - ）, pH, electrical conductivity （EC） , total dissolved solids （ TDS ） and suspended particu- late matter（SPM）. The results revealed that calcium is the dominant cation, while bicarbonate and sulphate are the dominant anions. The concentrations of cations vary as c（ Ca^2＋ ） 〉 c（Mg^2＋ ） 〉 c（ K^＋ ） 〉 c（Na^＋ ）, while the order for the anions is c（HCO3^- ） 〉 c（ SO4^2- ） 〉 c（ NO3^- ） 〉 c（ Cl^- ）. The glacial meltwater is slightly alkaline with the mean pH of 7.74 and 7.61 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The TDS values in runoff samples have an inverse relationship with the diurnal discharge, while the suspended sediment concentration （SSC）shows a posi- tive correlation with discharge. From the results of Gibbs distribution pattern, it is concluded that the major ori- gin of ions in runoff is the weathering of rocks. Based on the ion ratios and the piper trilinear nomograph, it is found that the main processes are carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering and feldspar weathering, and Ca^2＋ and HCO3^- are the dominant cation and anion during the carbonate weathering process.

关 键 词：1号冰川 融水径流 离子浓度 TDS和SSC 岩石风化 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]