汾河上游土地利用变化及其水文响应研究  

A study of the land use change and its hydrologic response in the upper reaches of the Fen River

作　　者：陆志翔[1,2] 杨永刚[3] 邹松兵[1] 肖洪浪[1] 尹振良[1] 谢家丽[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室/甘肃省黑河生态水文与流域科学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原030006 [4]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2014年第1期192-199,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项(2012DFA20770;2013DFG70990);国家自然科学基金项目(41201043);山西省基础研究计划青年科技研究基金项目(2012021026-3)资助

摘　　要：以河岔水文站以上的汾河流域为研究区,采用土地利用转移矩阵和SWAT模型模拟方法,就汾河上游土地利用变化对水文过程的影响进行研究.流域从1995-2000年,以耕地向林地和草地转变为主;从2000-2010年,城市建设用地不断增加,主要是对耕地的占用.结果显示,在相同气候背景、不同土地利用情景(1995、2000年2010年)下,流域1992-2000年多年平均产水量微弱增加(分别为85.69 mm、85.75 mm和85.82 mm),主要因为耕地持续减少,草地和城市建设用地不断增加.但是各年产水量的大小关系不完全一致,枯水年和平水年与丰水年存在差异,而土壤水分呈现一致的减少状况.子流域水平上,降水条件同样影响水文过程对土地利用变化的响应程度.以上结果表明,汾河流域在退耕还林还草政策等影响下,土地利用发生变化并且直接影响流域的水文过程,但是流域水文过程对土地利用变化的响应还受到降水的影响.To investigate the impact of land use change on the water yield in the upper reaches of the Fen River, the drainage basin above the Hecha Hydrological Station was selected as a case study area. Two approaches, in- cluding transfer matrix analyzing of land use and hydrological simulating with SWAT model, were applied. A transfer matrix analysis of the land use in this basin from 1995 to 2010 found that land use had characteristics of stage. From 1995 to 2000, the main land use change was transformation from farmland to forest and from farm- land to grassland. From 2000 to 2010, the area of construction land had increased, which occupied the farmland. Using the calibrated SWAT model, the water yields of three land use scenarios were simulated under the same climate conditions from 1990 to 2000. The differences between their water yields were small, because the land use changes were not obvious from 1992 to 2000. The average annual water yield of the land use in 1995 was 85.69 mm, in the 2000 s was 85.75 nml and in the 2010 s was 85.82 mm. However, the water yield from year to year was inconformity, because there were less and normal precipitation years and more precipitation years, and the soil moisture declines as the land use change, indicating that the water yield of a basin is not only associ- ated with land use, but also affected by precipitation. As regards to sub-basins, it was also found that precipitati- on affects the hydrologic response to the land use change in a basin. The above results show that under the repla- cing farmland with forest and grassland policy and social and economic development, land use in the Fen River basin were the transformations from farmland to forest, from farmland to grassland and from farmland to con- struction land. The changes could increase a small amount of runoff and decrease soil water, but the response of the watershed hydrological process to land use change is also depend on precipitation.

关 键 词：汾河上游 SWAT模型 土地利用变化 产水 

分 类 号：P343.9[天文地球—水文科学]