1998—2012年梧州市麻疹流行病学特征与防控策略  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Wuzhou City from 1998-2012 and its control strategy

作　　者：李翠芳[1] 黄贵彪[1] 刘幼平[1] 黄仕灿 赵洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区梧州市疾病预防控制中心,543002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第5期652-655,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析梧州市1998—2012年麻疹流行病学特征,了解15年麻疹控制和消除策略实施效果,探讨下一步消除麻疹策略。方法采用描述流行病学方法对麻疹监测数据进行分析,血清学监测采用分层随机抽样的方法进行。结果 1998—2002、2003—2007、2008—2012年3个阶段年均发病率分别为9.93/10万、1.29/10万、0.09/10万,第2、3阶段发病率分别比上一阶段下降了87.01%和93.02%。报告疫情的月份数和疫情波及的地区逐年减少,暴发疫情的频率和强度明显减弱。成人病例比例加大,但各年龄段发病率均逐年下降。2006年的儿童保护性抗体水平明显高于1999年。结论通过调整常规免疫程序,开展初始和后续强化免疫活动等防控措施,麻疹发病率明显下降,儿童保护性抗体水平明显升高。高水平的儿童免疫接种覆盖率和接种质量是当前消除麻疹的关键策略,开展强化免疫活动是消除麻疹必不可少的手段。[ Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Wuzhou City from 1998-2012, know the effect of measles control and elimination strategy in 15 years, and discuss the further strategy of measles elimination. [ Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of measles, and the serological monitoring was conducted by the stratified random sampling method. [ Results ] The average incidence rate was respectively 9.93/lakh, 1.29/1akh and 0.09/lakh in the phase of 1998-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2012, while the incidence rate of the second phase decreased by 87.01% as com pared with the first phase, and the incidence rate of the third phase decreased by 93. 02% as compared with the second phase. The number of months and the areas that the epidemic appeared decreased year by year, and the frequency and intensity of outbreak re- duced significantly. The proportion of adult cases increased, but the incidence rate of every age group declined gradually. The protective antibody level of children in 2006 was significantly higher that that in 1999. [ Conclusion ] By the prevention and control measures of adjusting the routine immunization procedure, and implementing the initial and subsequent supplemental immunization, the incidence rate of measles has decreased markedly, and the protective antibody level of children increased significantly. Highlevel coverage rate and quality of measles vaccination among children is the key strategy of measles elimination at present, and the supplementary immunization is essential to eliminate measles.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 防控策略 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]