哈尔滨松北湿地对农业非点源污染截留和去除效应研究  

Research on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Trapping and Removing Effect of Songbei Wetland in Harbin

作　　者：王忠良[1,2] 陈丹娃[2] 王树力[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]哈尔滨师范大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第3期844-846,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(4131082);黑龙江省教育厅新农村项目(12TXNC05)

摘　　要：哈尔滨松北湿地位于松花江北岸,属于典型的农田与地表水体中间缓冲地带,通过选取有代表性的地点进行监测试验,运用SCS模型和溶解态氮磷污染负荷模型进行径流量和污染负荷估算,并进行相关数据的实验和分析,结果表明:(1)哈尔滨松北湿地地表径流中非点源污染负荷:TN的平均浓度11.56 mg/L、NO3--N平均浓度3.68 mg/L、NH4--N平均浓度2.02 mg/L、TP平均浓度0.99 mg/L;(2)降雨径流形成初期,TN、硝态氮、氨氮的浓度较高,1个小时后,浓度开始下降。TN峰值出现在径流形成后55 min,TP峰值出现在径流形成25 min,呈波浪型下降;(3)降雨两日后湿地水体中的TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP浓度均有大幅度的下降,且浓度均低于农田径流中污染物的浓度,其中,TN减少了74.22%、NO3--N减少了50.38%、NH4+-N减少了77.94%、TP减少了17.91%。说明松北湿地对农业非点源污染物有很好的截留和去除效果。Harbin Songbei wetland is located in north bank of Songhuajiang River, belong to the buffer zone between farmland and surface wa- ter. Through selecting representative sites to conduct monitoring tests, SCS model and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load models were adopted to estimate runoff and pollution load, experiment and analysis were conducted on relevant data. The results showed that （ 1 ） Harbin Songbei wetland surface runoff non-point source pollution load ： the average concentration of TN 11.56mg/L, NO3^- -N average con- centration 3.68 mg/L, NH4 ^- -N average concentration 2.02mg/L, TP average concentration 0.99 mg/L; （2） the early formation of rainfall and runoff, the concentration of TN, nitrate, ammonia is high, one hour later, the concentration began to decline. TN peak appeared at 55 minutes after the runoff, TP peak appeared at 25 minutes, forming a wavy decline in runoff; （3） rain water for two days wetlands TN, NO3^- - N, NH4^＋ -N, TP concentrations were significantly decreased, and the concentrations were lower than the concentration of pollutants in agricul- tural runoff. Among which, TN reduced 74. 22% , NO3^- -N decreased by 50. 38% , NH4^＋-N decreased by 77. 94% , TP reduced by 17.91%. It was indicated that Songbei wetland has good retention and removal effect on agricultural non-point source pollutants.

关 键 词：哈尔滨 湿地 农业非点源 污染负荷 去除效应 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]