茶园土壤中钙迁移行为的土柱模拟研究  

Modeling Vertical Migration Behavior of Calcium in Tea Garden by Soil Columns Leaching

作　　者：苏有健[1] 廖万有[1] 王烨军[1] 张永利[1] 罗毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所,安徽祁门245600

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期26-30,35,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家茶叶产业技术体系土壤肥料岗位项目(CARS-23-07B);安徽省农业科技成果推广项目"茶叶高效生产技术集成示范与推广"(13E0806);安徽省科技创新基金项目"酸化茶园土壤中钙动力学特征研究"(13B0804)

摘　　要：以红黄壤为供试土壤，采用室内土柱淋溶模拟试验方法，研究相当于宣城平均年降水量条件下钙在茶园土壤垂直方向上的迁移转化特征。结果表明，钙的大多数形态很容易随水分运动发生迁移。随着加入土柱中钙量增加，淋溶液中钙的浓度，在0420d时间段内均呈下降趋势；在20～40d时间段内，T1、T2、T3均呈急剧上升趋势，淋出液中钙浓度分别达到2156，2484，2480mg／L，CK基本维持平衡不变；而在40～50d时间内，T1、T2、T3呈明显下降趋势。钙淋出量为T3〉T2〉T1〉CK，而钙淋出率则是T1〉T2〉T3〉CK。最大淋出率在30％左右，而最小的淋出率在10％左右，钙的淋出率有20％受到添加钙浓度的影响。淋溶后，土壤中有效态钙含量相对于原土增加3．5％～25．6％。从整个淋溶过程看，钙的迁移速率约为1．11cm／d。淋溶液中的pH与pCa和pAl的关系分别为：pCa=2．1102pH-4．6636（R2=0．9146，Pd0．01）；pA1=2．9263pH-6．9138（R2=0．9138，声〈0．01）。外源游离钙的加入量与钙淋出量呈正相关关系，与钙淋出率呈负相关关系。钙离子对土壤pH的提升作用，随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低，尤其是在0—5cm层提升作用最为明显。The simulative soil columns in the laboratory were used to research the characteristics of calcium movement and migration behavior of calcium forms in uprightness direction in tea garden soils which experienced rainfall of 50 days. The results showed that it was easy for most of the calcium forms to move following the water movement . With the increase of calcium which input to the soil columns, calcium and aluminum concentration of leaching liquor declined in 0-20 days, showed a sharp upward trends in 20440 days. T1, T2, T3 calcium concentration were up to 2 156, 2 484, 2 480 mg/L, CK maintained a balance. T1, T2, T3 calcium concentration remarkably declined in trends from 40 to 50 days. Cumulative leaching volumes of calcium order was T3 〉T2 〉T1 〉CK, leaching ratio of calcium order was T1 〉T2 ：〉T3 〉CK, and the loss of calcium was 10%-30%. After leaching, soil available calcium content relative to the original state of the soil increased from 3.5 % to 25.6 %. From the whole leaching process, migration ratio of calcium was 1.11 cm/d approximately. Regression relationship between pH and pal, pCa were pCa= 2. 1102pH-- 4.6636（R2=0.914 6, p〈0.01）, pAl=2.9263pH--6.9138（R2=0.913 8, p〈0.01）. The addition amount of exogenous free calcium relationship with calcium leaching out was a positive correlation, with aluminum leaching out was a negative correlation. Improvement of calcium to soil pH gradually reduced with the increase of soil depth, especially in the 0--5 cm soil layer.

关 键 词：茶园土壤 土柱模拟 钙 迁移行为 

分 类 号：S156.3[农业科学—土壤学] S153[农业科学—农业基础科学]