晋西黄土区雨养果园土壤水分动态及对降雨的响应  

Soil Moisture Dynamics and Its Response to Precipitation in the Rain-fed Orchard in Loess Region of Western Shanxi Province

作　　者：茹豪[1] 张建军[1,2] 张琦[1] 冯换成 王丹丹[1] 王春香[1] 丁杨[1] 李玉婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西临汾042200 [3]山西省吉县林业局,山西临汾042200

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期36-42,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项"天然林保护等林业工程生态效益评价研究"(201304308)

摘　　要：通过对晋西黄土区雨养苹果园土壤水分进行连续定位观测，研究土壤水分的动态规律及其对降雨的响应。结果表明：春季土壤含水率变化幅度不大，CV在0．02～0．27范围内波动；雨季降雨增多，0—170cm土层CV均大于0．2；冬季土壤表层蒸发强烈，0—60cm土层CV均大于0．1，而60cm以下土壤水分能够继续向下运移，180—190cm土层CV为0．11。2011年苹果园土壤水分亏缺度为30．89％～58．68％，补偿度为3．88％～57．37％，降雨能够补充0—70cm土层的土壤亏缺量，但是深层土壤一直处于亏缺状态，需要科学合理的管理措施防治山地雨养果园的缺水问题。果园0—10cm的土壤含水率对降雨的响应极其明显，能够有效反映出土壤水分对降雨的响应特征，随着土壤深度的增加，土壤含水率对降雨的响应逐层滞后并且减弱。Through continuous positioning observation of soil moisture in apple orchard on the Loess Plateau in Western Shanxi province, soil moisture dynamic law and its response to rainfall in loess hilly areas were studied. The results showed that： Soil moisture content in spring changed slightly, CV fluctuated in the range of 0.02 to 0.27. Due to an increase in monsoon rainfall, CV in 0--170 cm soil layer was greater than 0.2. As the soil surface evaporation strongly in winter, CV in 0--60 cm soil layer was greater than 0. 1. Subsoil moisture continued downward migration and CV in 180-- 190 cm soil layer was 0. 11. In 2011, soil water deficit degree in apple orchard ranged from 30.89% to 58.68%, and the degree of compensation was from 3.88% to 57. 37%. Rainfall could supply soil enough moisture for 0--70 cm soil layer, but deep soil had been in deficit state. Further more, it needed a series of scientific management to prevent the shortage of soil water in rain-fed orchard. The soil moisture content in 0--10 cm soil layer in the orchard response to rainfall was extremely obvious, which could reflect the responses of soil moisture on rainfall effectively. With the increasing of soil depth, the soil moisture content in response to rainfall was lagging and weak layer by layer.

关 键 词：黄土高原 雨养果园 土壤含水率 亏缺度与补偿度 降雨响应 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]