不同施工机械对煤矿区复垦土壤颗粒组成的影响  

Effect of Different Construction Machineries on Particle Composition of Reclaimed Soil in Coal Area

作　　者：黄晓娜[1] 李新举[1] 刘宁[1,2] 李海燕[1] 闵祥宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]潍坊工程职业学院,山东潍坊262500

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期136-140,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171425)

摘　　要：以建筑垃圾、粉煤灰、煤矸石作为填充材料，研究自卸汽车和履带式推土机2种不同复垦机械在不同压实次数下，土壤颗粒组成的变化。结果表明：（1）复垦中通过1，3，5，7，9次机械碾压，土壤颗粒中砂粒含量减少，粉粒含量增多，在颗粒组成上有细化现象。（2）自卸汽车复垦，随着压实次数的增加，土壤颗粒均匀指数呈现“W”形变化；履带式推土机压实复垦下，土壤颗粒均匀指数呈现倒“V”形变化。（3）用粉砂质壤土作为覆土复垦时，自卸汽车碾压3次，履带式推土机碾压5次与自然耕地颗粒组成相似度最大，即自卸汽车碾压3次、履带式推土机碾压5次为土地复垦的临界碾压次数。（4）粒径5．86μm是土壤粒径中处于“物理性粘粒”部分含量的最高值。自卸汽车碾压对土壤“物理性粘粒”的影响主要集中在4．83～7．11μm范围内，履带式推土机碾压对土壤“物理性粘粒”的影响主要集中在3．98～8．64μm范围内。Using construction waste, coal ash or coal gangue as the only filler materials and taking two different reclamation machineries, dump truck and crawler dozer as the reclamation machinery, the changes of soil particle composition in different compaction degree in coal mining subsidence area were studied. The results showed that： （1） With the increase of compaction times, the sand content decreased and silt content increased. Composition of the soil particles became thinning. （2） The uniformity index of soil particle changed the ＂W＂ type with the increase of dump truck＇s compaction times, but it changed a converse ＂V＂ type when using crawler bulldozer as reclamation machinery. （3）Taking the silty loam as the cover soil, with compaction by dump truck in three times and by crawler bulldozer in five times, the composition of soil particles was most similar to the natural land. It meant that three times＇ by dump truck rolling and five times＇ by crawler bulldozer rolling were the critical numbers. （4）When analyzing physical clay, 5.86μm was the maximum value in soil particle. Dump truck＇s compaction effects on soil physical clay mainly concentrated in the range of 4.83-7.11 μm, but crawler bulldozer＇s compaction effects on soil physical clay mainly concentrated in the range of 3.98-8.64 μm.

关 键 词：施工机械 复垦土壤 颗粒组成 均匀指数 粒径变化 

分 类 号：S152.3[农业科学—土壤学]