调亏灌溉对冬小麦不同生育阶段水分蒸散的影响  

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Evapotranspiration at Different Growth Stages in Winter Wheat

作　　者：孟兆江[1,2] 段爱旺[1,2] 王景雷[1,2] 高阳[1,2] 王晓森[1,2] 杨慎骄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期198-202,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51079153);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-30)

摘　　要：以冬小麦（Triticumaestivum L．）为试验材料，采用防雨棚下桶栽土培方法，研究调亏灌溉（RDI）对作物不同生育阶段水分蒸散的影响。桶栽试验采用二因素随机区组设计，冬小麦设返青-拔节（Ⅰ）、拔节-抽穗（Ⅱ）、抽穗-灌浆（Ⅲ）3个水分调亏阶段；每个调亏阶段设置轻度调亏（L）、中度调亏（M）和重度调亏（S）3个水分调亏程度，土壤相对含水量（占田间持水量的百分数）分别为60％～65VooFC，50％～55％FC和40％～45％FC；另设全生育期充分供水处理（土壤相对含水量为75％～85％FC）为对照（CK）。结果表明，RDI对冬小麦水分蒸散的影响存在“阶段与时段差异性”。适时适度的水分调亏可降低植株蒸腾速率，抑制植株“奢侈蒸腾”现象，显著减少水分散失；作物耗水量随水分调亏度加重而降低，二者呈极显著二次曲线关系；在拔节期及其以前水分调亏最有利于提高水分利用效率，适宜的水分调亏度为50％～55％FC。The effects of regulated deficit irrigation（RDI） on the evapotranspiration of plants were experimentally investigated during the 2007--2008 growing seasons in barrel-grown winter wheat under rain-proof shelter condition in Huang-Huai-Hai Region in China. A two-factor randomize-block design was applied. The first factor was different stages of water deficit, including turning green-jointing（I）, jointing-heading（ II ）, and heading-maturing（ III ）. The other factor was different degree of water deficit with three levels by soil relative water content, which included light deficit（L）, moderate deficit（M） and severe deficit（S） at stages of water deficit I to III , corresponding soil relative water content were 60%-65% field capacity（FC）, 50%-55 % FC and 40 %- 45 % FC, respectively. Additionally, full irrigation treatment （75 %- 85 % FC） during whole growing season was designed as control（CK）. Totally, 12 water treatments with three replicates were designed and applied. The results indicated that water-consumption of crops decreased with the aggravation of water deficit, and fitted a quadratic regression equation. Appropriate degree of water deficit at appropriate stages reduced transpiration rate, inhibited luxury transpiration, and reduced water loss and increased water use efficiency. Before jointing the most appropriate degree of water deficit for improving WUE of winter wheat was 50G%55% FC. It suggested that RDI should be adopted as an effective approach in regulating the evapotranspiration in winter wheat plants.

关 键 词：冬小麦 调亏灌溉 水分蒸散 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.1[农业科学—农业工程]