生物质炭与不同肥料配施对水稻田面水养分流失风险的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Biomass Carbon Fertilization on Nutrient Loss Risk in Field Surface Water

作　　者：郑小龙[1] 吴家森[1] 陈裴裴[1] 姜培坤[1] 吴建军[2] 徐建明[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期221-226,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"南方丘陵山地农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范"(2012BAD15BO4-2)

摘　　要：通过生物质炭与不同肥料配施的方法研究水稻田面水氮、磷、钾等养分的流失风险。结果表明：除不施肥外，其余施肥处理水稻田面水总氮、可溶氮、铵态氮、可溶性钾浓度均于施肥第2天达到顶峰，并逐渐趋于稳定，1周后分别降为顶峰值的9．2％～15．5％，11．0％～38．5％，16．6％～42．8％和30．4％～68．0％；总磷、可溶磷浓度于施肥第3天到达顶峰，后呈现持续下降趋势并逐渐趋于稳定，1周后为顶峰值的29．2％～64．8％，33．5％～59．6％；硝态氮浓度在施肥第2天达到顶峰，随后下降，但在1周内又有间歇性上升，出现铵态氮向硝态氮转化的过程，最后下降至不施肥水平。施肥时添加生物质炭能够适量吸收田面水中氮、磷、钾等养分，降低养分的流失风险；适量有机肥的加入可大幅度提高田面水中磷素浓度，同时也可提高田面水中可溶性有机碳（DOC）浓度，是仅施无机肥的124．4％～181．7％。因此，在单一施加无机肥时适量添加有机肥与生物质炭可优化田面水中养分比例，更加有利于水稻对养分的吸收。The influence of different manuring modes on nutrient loss risk in field surface water was studied. The results showed that, the concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soluble potassium in the field surface water with different fertilization treatments except no fertilization all reached the highest on the second day after fertilization, and tended to be stable a week later with the stable concentration of 9.2%-15.5%, 11.0%-38.5%, 16.6%- 42.8% and 30.4%-68.0% of the peak concentration. But total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus concentration reached the highest on the third day after fertilization, then fell rapidly, and tended to be stable a week later. Nitrate nitrogen concentration changed repeatedly, eventually reached the original level. Fertilization adding biomass carbon could moderately absorb nutrients and reduce the risk of nutrient loss, while the addition of suitable amount organic fertilizer significantly improved phosphorus concentration in the field surface water, as well as soluble organic carbon （DOC） with the concentration of 124. 4% - 181. 7% of inorganic fertilizer. Therefore, fertilization with appropriate organic fertilizer and biomass carbon could optimize nutrients＇ ratio in the field surface water, and be more conducive on nutrients absorption of rice.

关 键 词：田面水 氮 磷和钾 生物质炭 有机无机混合肥 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]