环境友好型缓释尿素的氮素释放特性  

Release Characteristics of Nitrogen of Environment-friendly Coated Urea

作　　者：杨天悦[1] 吴景贵[1] 张志莹[1] 王莉[1] 吕岩[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省土壤肥料总站,长春130012

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期231-236,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"东北与黄淮海粮食主产区适应气候变化技术研发与应用"(2013BAC09B01);国家科技支撑计划项目"松辽平原区农牧结合循环生产技术集成研究与示范项目"(2012BAD14B05);吉林省科技厅重点科技成果转化项目"高效多功能夹心肥料的示范与推广"(20130309005NY)

摘　　要：采用廉价易得并且无污染的有机废弃物、无机矿物为包膜材料对尿素进行包膜,试制出2种环境友好型包膜尿素(FU和YU),通过"静态吸收"法和"土柱淋溶"法研究2种包膜尿素的氨气挥发规律及养分释放特征。结果表明:在低施氮量和高施氮量条件下,2种肥料处理均能不同程度地减少氨气挥发损失和氮素淋溶损失,与Ur处理相比,FU和YU处理氨挥发量最高减少21.22%和38.00%。随着淋溶时间的增加,各处理淋溶液pH逐渐降低,且Ur下降幅度最大,YU最小,呈现YU<FU<Ur的趋势。Ur电导率由最高值1.17mS/cm降至0.06mS/cm,降低幅度最大,YU在3种处理中趋势最为平缓,降低幅度最小。FU和YU处理的氮素初期溶出率较Ur处理在高施氮量下减少9.39%和15.60%,在低施氮量下减少4.65%和7.12%。与普通尿素相比,在淋溶第1天YU处理铵态氮的淋溶速率分别降低22.43%(低施氮量)和24.80%(高施氮量),FU处理分别降低1.00%(低施氮量)和4.96%(高施氮量),随后降低幅度Ur>FU>YU。在第8,9天开始出现硝态氮最大淋溶速率,且YU处理较Ur处理分别降低26.98%(低施氮量)和21.07%(高施氮量),FU处理较Ur处理分别降低6.98%(低施氮量)和8.95%(高施氮量),在淋溶后期包膜尿素的铵态氮、硝态氮的淋溶速率均有所增加,延长了有效氮的持续时间。2种环境友好型包膜尿素中以有机废弃物为包膜材料的实验效果最佳。The coated fertilizer had been prepared by coating material, which was prepared by organic material or inorganic mineral powder, trial out of the two kinds of coated fertilizer, by using static absorption and soil column leaching method, the release of NHa and N leaching characteristics were studied. The results showed that. In the low- and high- nitrogen application, two kinds of fertilizer treatments could reduce NH3 volatilization and N leaching losses, compared with Urea treatment, the NH3 volatilization in FU and YU treatments reduced by 21.22% and 38. 00%, respectively. With the extension of leaching time, the pH of leachate gradually decreased, and Ur treatment saw the biggest decline, YU treatment went down least, the trend was YU %FU % Ur. The electrical conductivity of Ur treatment decreased from 1. 17 mS/cm to 0. 06 mS/cm, the trend of YU treatment in three treatments was the most gentle and reducing the smallest. At high nitrogen fertilizer, compared with Ur treatnlent, the initial dissolution rate of treatment of FU and YU treatment reduced by 9.39% and 15.60%, respectively. At low nitrogen fertilizer, the reduction was 4.65% and 7.12%. Compared with Ur treatment, in the first leaching day the ammonium leaching rate decreased by 22.43%（low nitrogen fertilizer） and 24.80% （high nitrogen fertilizer）, FU treatment decreased by 1.00% （low nitrogen fertilizer） and 4.96%（high nitrogen fertilizer）, the reduction was Ur %FU %YU. Maximum nitrate leaching rate began to appear in the first 8 days or 9 days, and it in YU treatment was lower than 26.98% （low nitrogen fertilizer） and 21. 07% （high nitrogen fertilizer） in Ur treatment, that in FU treatment was lower than 6.98 % （low nitrogen fertilizer） and 8.95 % （high nitrogen fertilizer） in Ur treatment, respectively. In the late leaching time, ammonium and nitrate leaching rates increased and extended the effective nitrogen duration. In two kinds of environment-friendly coated urea, the experiment result of organic waste was best

关 键 词：包膜尿素 氨挥发 氮淋溶 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]