保水剂粒径与不同质地土壤吸、失水特性的相关关系  

Relationship Between Particle of Water Retaining Agents and Characteristics of Absorbing and Losing Water of Different Texture of Soil

作　　者：马鑫[1] 魏占民[1] 于健 张月鲜[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010018 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第1期270-275,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51169015);内蒙古水利厅科技支撑计划项目(NSK2012-10)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟试验，对2种保水剂4个粒径（0．25～0．5mm，0．5～1mm，1～2mm，2～3mm）的吸、失水特性进行测定分析，同时研究2种保水剂4个粒径分别与砂壤土、壤砂土、砂粘壤土混合后吸、失水的变化特性。结果表明：①2种保水剂的4个粒径段中1～2rnm粒径的保水剂吸水量和累积蒸发量最大，不同粒径保水剂随着吸水次数的增多吸水量逐渐降低，且粒径越小下降幅度越大；②保水剂与土壤混合后吸水量减小，初次吸水时土壤含水量与保水剂粒径成反比，随着吸水次数的增多3种质地土壤在保水剂作用下土壤含水量大小顺序分别为壤砂土-砂粘壤土-砂壤土（1～2次）、砂粘壤土-壤砂土-砂壤土（3～5次）、砂粘壤土-砂壤土～壤砂土（6～8次）；③2种不同粒径保水剂的施用增加了3种质地土壤的累积蒸发量，壤砂土、砂壤土中0．5～1mm粒径的保水剂累积蒸发量最大，砂粘壤土中I～2mm粒径的保水剂累积蒸发量最大，0．25～0．5mm粒径保水剂在3种土壤中累积蒸发量最小。The indoor simulation experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of absorption and losing water of two water retaining agents with four diameters（0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-2 mm and 2 -3 mm） and the changes of absorption and losing water of two water retaining agents with four diameters mixed with sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam. The results showed that： ①The water absorption capacity and cumulative evaporation of 1 - 2 mm diameter were the highest, and the amount of water absorption gradually reduced with the increase of times of water absorption. The smaller the particle size, the greater the reduction was.②The amount of soil water absorption decreased gradually after mixing with water retaining agents, the first time after absorption into the soil when the water absorption was inversely proportional to particle size and retaining agent, the saturated moisture content of three kinds of soil changed with the times of water absorption in the order of loamy sand sand clay loam-loam（1-2 times）, sandy clay loam-loamy sand-loam （3 ~ 5 times）, sand clay loam-loam-loamy sand （6 ~ 8 times）. ③ Application water retaining agents could improve the soil cumulative evaporation, 0.5- 1 mm diameter in loamy sand, sandy loam had maximum cumulative evaporation, 1 - 2 mm diameter in clay loam sand accumulated in the maximum evaporation, 0. 25 - 0. 5 mm diameter water retaining agent in the three soils accumulated minimum evaporation.

关 键 词：保水剂 粒径 土壤质地 土壤含水量 累积蒸发量 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S278[农业科学—农业基础科学]