济南铁路局粉尘作业职工职业危害与健康状况调查  

Survey on occupational hazards and health status of dust-exposed workers in Jinan railway enterprises

作　　者：辛鹏[1] 万军 陶明锐 宋少锋 兰天翔[1] 郑成龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南铁路疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250001 [2]济南铁路卫生监督所,山东济南250001

出　　处：《现代医学》2014年第1期12-16,共5页Modern Medical Journal

基　　金：济南铁路局科研基金资助(2010Z11)

摘　　要：目的:全面了解济南铁路局作业场所粉尘的职业危害情况,掌握接尘职工健康状况,指导职业病防治。方法:采用调查表、职业健康检查及生产性粉尘检测等方法,调查济南铁路单位的职业卫生安全管理措施建有情况、在岗职工健康状况和作业场所粉尘浓度。结果:被调查的19家铁路单位的14项职业卫生安全管理制度建有率均超过60%;其中建立尘毒治理项目职业卫生学评价制度的有13家,建有率最低,为68.42%。150个作业场所的粉尘浓度检测达标率为92.00%,其中矽尘全部达标,电焊烟尘检测达标率为93.10%,其他粉尘检测达标率为85.23%。接触电焊烟尘职工最多,占45.63%;接触矽尘职工最少,占5.55%。粉尘暴露职工的脂肪肝、高血脂和高血压的患病率最高,依次为31.72%、29.14%和21.81%。接粉组的高血压、白内障、胸片异常、心电图异常和血常规异常发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。粉尘暴露职工健康检查结果异常率在<10年工龄组最低,为24.42%;≥25年工龄组最高,为48.83%;随着工龄增加异常率增高(P<0.01)。结论:济南铁路局部分作业场所粉尘浓度超标,生产性粉尘影响接尘职工的健康,应加强防治。Objective： To find out the distribution of dust pollution in railway bureau working place, and grasp the health conditions of workers exposed to dust and guide the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods： Questionnaires, occupational health screening and dust production testing were used to investigate the safety measures of occupational health and employee health status and dust concentration in Jinan railway enterprises. Results ： The completion of each system were more than 60% about 14 occupational safety management system in 19 railway enterprises, the lowest completion rate was 68.42% about occupational health evaluation Ior toxic dust control projects ,there were 13 units. The passing rate of dust concentration was 92.0% in 150 work place in which silica dust concentration was all passed ,welding fume concentration monitoring passing rate was 93.10% , other dust concentration detection compliance rate was 85.23%. Welding fume exposure of workers was the most, accounting for 45.63% ; exposure to silica dust of workers was the least, accounting for 5.55%. The prevalence rates were highest of fatty liver, high cholesterol and high blood pressure in workers exposed to dust, followed by 31.72%, 29. 14% and 21. 81%. The occurrence rate of hypertension, cataracts, chest X-ray abnormalities, abnormal electrocardiogram, blood system were higher in exposuring to dust group than those in control group （P 〈 0.05）. The abnormal rate of health examination results in exposed workers was lowest（24.42% ）in less than 10 woking age group and highest （48.83 % ） in more than 25 woking age group . Abnormal rate increased with the length of service increase（P 〈0.01 ）. Conchlsion： The dust concentration is excessive for part of the workplace in Jinan railway enterprises, production of dust affected the health of workers exposed to dust andprevention should be strengthened.

关 键 词：生产性粉尘 职业危害 作业场所 健康状况 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]