不同填料UAFB-ANAMMOX反应器的脱氮效能  

Comparison of Nitrogen Removal in UAFB-ANAMMOX Reactors with Different Carriers

作　　者：袁青[1] 黄晓丽[1] 高大文[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2014年第3期301-308,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21177033);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07201007)

摘　　要：由于厌氧氨氧化菌增殖速率缓慢,对环境因素敏感,导致反应器启动时间长且运行不稳定.以人工配水为研究对象,采用UAFB(升流式厌氧固定床)反应器,分别填充组合填料、聚氨酯泡绵和立体弹性纤维作为生物载体,对各载体的挂膜特征及厌氧氨氧化的实现与稳定特性进行了研究.结果表明:与聚氨酯泡绵和立体弹性纤维相比,组合填料在快速启动反应器及运行稳定性上有较大优势,反应器启动时间为42 d,稳定运行后期NH4+-N及NO2--N的去除率均达到90%以上,最大TN去除负荷(以N计)为1.239 kg(m3·d);并且组合填料挂膜效果较好,生物膜跟载体结合较紧密.以聚氨酯泡绵为载体的反应器启动时间(66 d)长,挂膜效果较差,膜易脱落;稳定运行后期NH4+-N及NO2--N的去除率分别大于90%与95%,最大TN去除负荷为1.268 kg(m3·d).以立体弹性纤维为载体的反应器对ρ(DO)和ρ(基质)及水力冲击等环境因素较为敏感,运行效果不稳定,最大TN去除负荷仅为0.724 kg(m3·d).The anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） process is a new biochemical removal process with a low demand of energy and costs. However, the slow growth rate and high sensibility of ANAMMOX bacteria caused long set-up time and unstable operation. Three UAFB-ANAMMOX reactors with different carriers （i. e. , combined carrier, polyurethane foam, elastic fiber） were set-up with the artificial water. The biofilm formation and nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX in three reactors were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the polyurethane foam and elastic fiber, the reactor 1 with combined carrier had shorter set-up time （42 d） and more stable performance. In the last stage, NH4 ＋ -N and NO2 - -N removal efficiencies both reached up to 90% , and the maximum NLRs was 1. 239 kg/（ m3 · d）. The biofilm connected with the combined carrier were closely and uneven. However, the biofilm on polyurethane foam were incompact and easy to washing off. The set-up time of reactor 2 with polyurethane foam was 66 d. The NH4 ＋ -N and NO2 - -N removal efficiency in reactor 2 were more than 90% and 95% , and the maximum NLRs was 1. 268 kg/（m3 ·d）. Reactor 3 with elastic fiber was not stable and sensitive to dissolved oxygen, substrate concentration and hydraulic impact, and the maximum NLRs was only 0. 724 kg/（m3 .d）.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 UAFB 生物载体 脱氮效能 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]