广西现代水泥企业职业性噪声接触与听力损伤流行病学研究  

Epidemiologic study on occupational noise exposure and hearing loss in modern cement production enterprises in Guangxi

作　　者：邱毅[1] 杨超敏 陈小红[1] 黎海红[1] 卢小燕[1] 朱林平[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,广西南宁530021 [2]广西壮族自治区卫生监督所,530021

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2014年第1期69-72,76,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广西医疗卫生重点科研资助项目(重2012043)

摘　　要：目的了解广西壮族自治区（以下简称“广西”）现代水泥生产企业工人噪声接触及听力损伤情况。方法对广西10家新型干法旋窑水泥生产企业及接触噪声（以下简称“接噪”）工人进行流行病学调查，工人接噪水平采用个人噪声剂量计检测，对接噪工人进行职业健康检查。结果工作场所噪声源作业点噪声强度为81．7～109．1（94．4±6．8）dB（A），非噪声源作业点噪声强度为53．1—81．3（66．9±4．1）dB（A），两者比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。18个接噪工种8h等效声级为61．7—98．6dB（A），噪声超标率为37．6％。在10家企业投产4—11年、3246名接噪工人工龄中位数为4（1—11）年的情况下，听力损伤检出率为15．5％；其中，高频听力损伤检出率为13．4％，噪声聋检出率为2．1％。接噪工人听力损伤检出率随接噪水平、接噪工龄的增加而增加（P〈0．01），呈剂量-效应关系。结论广西现代水泥生产企业接噪工人听力损伤情况不容忽视，应加强对接触高强度噪声工人的个人防护。Objective To investigate the noise exposure levels and hearing loss in workers of modem cement enterprises in Guangxi. Methods Epidemiological survey was used to collect the basic information in workers exposed to noise in ten new dry process rotary kiln cement enterprises in Guangxi. Personal noise-measuring meter was used to monitor the expo-sure level of noise in workers. The occupation health examination was conducted to workers. Results The intensities of main noise source in workplaces were 81.7-109. 1 （94. 4 ±6. 8） dB（A） , the non-noise intensities （control room and the lounge ） were 53.1-81.3 （66. 9 ± 4. 1 ） dB（ A）, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The 8-hour equiv-alent sound levels of 18 types of noise exposure work were 61.7-98.6 dB（A） , exceeding rate was 37.6%. Under the con-dition of the period of workers exposed to noise lasting for 1-11 years, for noise exposed workers （ n = 3 246 ）, median length of service was 4 （1-11） years, the detection rate of hearing loss was 15.5% , in which the high frequency hearing loss rate was 13.4% and the detection rate of noise-induced deafness was 2. 1%. The hearing loss rate increased with the increase levels of noise exposure and the length of service （P 〈 0. 01 ） and the dose-effect relationships were identified. Conclusion The hearing loss of modern cement enterprise workers in Guangxi can not be ignored, we should strengthen personal protection in high intensity noise enterprises.

关 键 词：水泥企业 个人噪声剂量计 8 h等效声级 职业性 听力损伤 噪声聋 高频听力损伤 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]