神话为何属于文学研究?——以晚明、晚清西学分类为起点  

Why Myths Belong to Literary Study?——Taking Classification of Western Learning in Late Ming and Late Qing Dynasties Starting Point

作　　者：谭佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《百色学院学报》2013年第6期9-14,共6页JOURNAL OF BAISE UNIVERSITY

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大课题A类"中华文明探源的神话学研究";2010年国家社科基金重大招标项目"中国文学人类学理论与方法研究"阶段成果

摘　　要：晚明是华夏第一次对西学大量译介和争论的时期,晚明士人对西学分类的认识、以及西人介绍西学时的策略皆能体现中西文化最根深蒂固部分。晚明西学分类的次第观念为文学(教育之用)→医学、法学等等→理学→天学,只有本土理学、天学才是正统。晚清士人受此影响并参入新因素,即在"学"与"理"中间加入"政",形成器物之学→制度之学→文化之学的递进关系观念。在此基础上,晚清传入"神话"——这种外来"知识"仅关乎古希腊等异邦的"神"之故事,它既无法对应中国的"天"之内容(历象、人伦、物理、祭祀、五帝、祖先等等),也无法抵达"格物穷理之大原本",仅有启迪民心的教育之用,从属于"文学"。受此观念影响,中国神话学逐渐从属于文学研究。尤其在当下学科建制中,神话研究者基本集中在民间文学和少数民族文学学科,这促使学界需要更深层反思中国现代学术史观念,以及"神话"及神话学何以能更贴切本土文化问题。The late Ming Dynasly is China＇s first and controversial time to translate and in- troduce voluminous western studie＇ss. Both scholars＇ understanding on classification of western studies at that time and westerners＇ strategies to introduce the Western studies can reflect the most ingrained part of Chinese cui[ture and western culture. The order of classifying western learning then went like：literature（for educational purpose）--medicine,law and others-science-- astronomy,and only the indigenous science and astronomy were orthodox. Influenced by this, the scholars in the late Qing Dynasty incorporate a new factor,＂politics between ＂study＂ and ＂science＂ , and then formed progressive relationship concept as study of utensils--study of sys- tem-study of culture. On this basis, ＂myth＂, the exotic ＂knowledge＂ related only to the ＂God＂ stories of the ancient Greek and other foreign countries was introduced into China in the late Qing. Neither could the ＂：myth＂ find its equivalence in the contents of Chinese ＂heav- en＂ （calendar, ethnics, physics, fete, Five Emperors, ancestors, and etc. ）, nor did it reach the ＂great root of completely exploring reasons＂. It functioned only in enlightening people,and thus subordinated to ＂literature＂. Being affected by this notion,Chinese mythology gradually subordinated to literary studies. Especially in the current disciplinary establishment,researchers of myth basically devote their efforts between folklore and ethnic literature,which prompts academic field to make a deep reflection on concept of modern Chinese academic history,and how ＂myth＂ and mythology move closer to indigenous culture.

关 键 词：神话 神话学 晚明 晚清 天学 

分 类 号：C958[社会学—民族学]