江西桃红岭国家级自然保护区梅花鹿生境适宜性评价  

Habitat assessment of sika deer(Cervus niPPon) in the Taohongling National Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province,China

作　　者：李佳[1] 李言阔[1] 缪泸君[1] 谢光勇[1] 袁芳凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第5期1274-1283,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000196);环保重大专项(STSN-7)

摘　　要：华南梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)被IUCN列入濒危物种,也是我国国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。目前种群仅分布于江西、浙江、安徽等狭窄的区域内,形成多个孤立种群,生境破碎和丧失被认为是限制梅花鹿种群增长的主要原因。于2011年3月至2013年3月采用样线法和样方法对桃红岭国家级自然保护区梅花鹿栖息地进行了野外调查,利用空间模拟方法,结合地理信息系统(GIS)技术的空间分析功能,以植被类型、坡度、坡向、海拔和人类干扰活动作为评价因子进行了生境适宜性评价。结果表明,桃红岭地区以森林为主,各类林地面积约9 488.15 hm^2,占75.90%,植被类型分为落叶阔叶林、针叶林、常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、竹林、灌丛、草丛和芭茅丛,面积分别为1664.57、1638.63、3438.21、1247.15、87.85、1143.88、60.92 hm^2和206.94 hm^2。在不考虑人类活动影响时,梅花鹿的适宜生境和次适宜生境面积分别是2233.99 hm^2和2980.24 hm^2,分别占保护区总面积的18.61%和24.83%;而考虑人类活动影响时,梅花鹿的适宜生境和次适宜生境面积分别是1224.04 hm^2和2164.70 hm^2,分别占保护区总面积的10.20%和18.04%。由于梅花鹿的生境受到居民点、主要道路、农田耕作、森林采伐等人类活动的强烈影响,导致大量适宜和次适宜生境丧失、隔离,景观破碎度指数由0.4345增加到0.5898。以潜在可利用生境面积计算,保护区梅花鹿环境容纳量为(568±160)只,而以实际可利用生境面积计算,则只能容纳(368±105)只。适宜生境的丧失和破碎可能是限制桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区梅花鹿种群恢复的重要因素,在此基础上,通过实际调查提出了管理措施。The South China subspecies of sika deer （ Cervus nippon） has been listed as an endangered species in the IUCN Red Data List, and is also assigned to Protection Class I in the List of Wildlife under Special State Protection as designated by the Chinese State Council. In recent years, sika deer have formed several relatively isolated populations and are distributed in parts of Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Taohongling National Nature Reserve is located in Pengze County, Jiangxi Province of China, which has been designated for the protection of wild southern sika deer. The reserve is 12 500 hm^2in area, of which the Core Protected Zone is 2 670 hm^2, the Buffer Zone is 1 830 hm^2 and the Experimental Zone is 8 000 hm^2. In the Experimental Zone, there is a considerable area of agricultural land with a high human population density. Highways surround the eastern, northern, and western boundaries of the nature reserve, while the southern border of the reserve is marked by valleys and creeks. The last estimated population of sika deer in the nature reserve was 365, which was thought to be the largest population of this sika deer subspecies. However, after strict protection for 30 years, the vegetation in the nature reserve has changed into evergreen broadleaf forests which is the local climax vegetation.Meanwhile, human activities have led to further habitat fragmentation and habitat loss. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further studies on the population of sika deer in Taolongling National Nature Reserve for proper population conservation. Based on the data on habitat used by sika deer in the Taohongling National Nature Reserve between March 2011 and March 2013, we used the habitat evaluation model and a Geographic Information System （GIS） to assess the suitability of the habitat for sika deer. Vegetation type, slope, aspect, elevation and human activities were selected as factors for habitat suitability assessment. The results showed that forests, including deciduous forests, coniferous fore

关 键 词：梅花鹿 生境适宜性评价 桃红岭国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]