马克思经济学与资本主义  

Marxian Economics and Capitalism

作　　者：柳欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济研究所,300071

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2013年第6期3-18,153,共16页Nankai Economic Studies

摘　　要：20世纪50—80年代的著名"剑桥资本争论"揭示出主流新古典理论存在不可避免的逻辑矛盾,表明目前国民收入核算体系中所有由货币量值表示的统计变量完全由社会关系或特定的货币金融体系决定,而与主流经济学基于生产函数的技术分析无关。马克思经济学研究的是现实资本主义生产方式和与之相联系的生产关系与分配关系,其核心是以货币为基础的资本与雇佣劳动,由此形成以获取货币利润为目的的特殊竞争制度或比谁挣钱多的游戏。通过采用抽象的价值与剩余价值概念说明这种资本主义关系的性质并阐释现实中的工资、利息、利润和国民收入等概念,马克思在表明资本主义企业成本收益计算的基础上建立起一个完整的理论体系用于讨论现实资本主义的有效需求和经济波动问题,并表明由有效需求决定的收入分配来自于资本主义经济为利润和资本积累而生产的性质。由此阐明,马克思经济学所关注的正是现实经济中由货币和国民收入核算统计变量所表示的资本主义竞争与收入分配的社会关系,主流经济学对这些统计变量和现实经济问题的解释是完全错误的。The famous Cambridge Capital Debates in the 1950--80s of 20th century an- nounced the logical contradictions in the mainstream neoclassical economics, which indi- cates that all the statistical variables showed by monetary values in the current national in- come accounting system are entirely determined by social relations and special monetary financial systems but nothing on technical analysis based on neoclassical production func- tion. Marxian economics studied the realistic capitalist mode of production as well as pro- duction relations and distribution relations, but the key is the capital and the paid labor based on money, which forms the special kinds of competitions aims for monetary profits or the games whose target is who makes the most money. Through declaring the nature of capitalist relations and all kinds of concepts such as wages, interests, profits and national incomes by abstract notions of values and surplus values, also based on the cost-benefit calculations of capitalist enterprises, Marx established a complete theoretical system to discuss about the realistic capitalist effective demand and economic fluctuations, which indicated that the income distribution determined by effective demand came from the charac- ter of capitalism that the purpose of capitalist production was just for profits and capital ac- cumulations. Therefore, what Marxian economics focus is on the capitalist competitions and social relations of income distribution expressed by money and monetary statistical is- sues in reality, but such explanations of mainstream economics are completely wrong.

关 键 词：马克思经济学 资本主义 货币 社会关系 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学] F03