磷硅无卤阻燃聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维的制备与表征  

Preparation and characterization of silicon and phosphorus halogen free flame retardant polyvinyl formal fiber

作　　者：葛卫兵[1] 陈婉璐[1] 姜猛进[1] 徐建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学高分子材料与工程国家重点实验室高分子科学与工程学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2014年第1期33-37,共5页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：采用无卤阻燃剂二硫代焦磷酸酯和二氧化硅与聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行共混纺丝,制备了无卤阻燃聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVFM)纤维,研究了阻燃剂配比、阻燃剂含量对纤维结构与性能的影响,并对阻燃纤维的力学性能、阻燃性能、热性能以及残炭的化学结构、表面形貌进行了测试表征。结果表明:当二硫代焦磷酸酯和二氧化硅质量比为5∶5时,纤维综合性能较好;随着复配阻燃剂含量的增加,PVFM纤维的极限氧指数(LOI)逐步提高,高温下的最大分解速率温度和残炭量均增加,但其断裂强度有所下降;当复配阻燃剂质量分数为20%时,阻燃PVFM纤维的LOI为29.4%,断裂强度为5.78 cN/dtex,最大热分解温度和残炭率比纯PVFM纤维均有较大幅度的增加,燃烧可形成连续致密的炭层。A halogen free flame retardant polyvinyl formal （PVFM） fiber was prepared by blend spinning polyvinyl alcohol （PvA） with a halogen free composite flame retardant of dithiopyrophosphate and silicon dioxide. The effects of flame retardant formula and content on the structure and properties of the resulted fiber were studied. The mechanical properties, flame retar- dance and thermal property of the resulted flame retardant fiber were characterized, as were the chemical structure and surface morphology of the char residue. The results showed that the fiber exhibited fairly good comprehensive properties when the mass ratio of dithiopyrophosphate and silicon dioxide was 5 ： 5 ; the limiting oxygen index （LOI） of PVFM fiber was gradually in- creased, the temperature corresponding to the maximum degradation rate at high temperatures and the char residue were both in- creased, but the breaking strength was decreased in some degree as the amount of flame retardants was raised in the fiber; the flame retardant PVFM fiber with 20% composite flame retardant by mass fraction had the LOI of 29.4%, breaking strength of 5. 78 cN/dtex and the maximum thermal degradation temperature and char residue considerably higher than those of pure PVFM fi- ber and a continuous and compact char layer formed after burning.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维 二硫代焦磷酸酯 二氧化硅 无卤 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ342.42[化学工程—化纤工业]