明清江南的“蠹吏”  

The Decayed County Clerks and Runners in Jiangnan Delta during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：冯贤亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,教授上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2014年第3期136-147,共12页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(09YJC770005);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(2011年度)之阶段性成果

摘　　要：明清时期江南地区是全国的财赋重地,州县行政极为繁难。州县衙门中庞大的胥吏群体,对于地方社会与王朝统治有着不可忽视的影响与作用。但因胥吏出身低微而且长期以本籍身份承担本地行政工作,多被流动性极强的州县官员们视为一种可怕的力量。他们在州县社会生活中所起的重要作用,与其腐败堕落是同时并存的。地方官必须依赖这个群体在有限的任期内,完成朝廷要求的催科抚字之重任,因而衙役们的豪横及其腐败贪虐行径,更难被有效地抑制或消除,在一定程度上纵容了衙役层的滥用权力和政府腐败的产生。可以说,差役借势扰民,胥吏舞文乱法,是明清两代中国地方社会生活中的普遍情形。The Jiangnan Delta, with difficult county administration, is financial heartland during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huge county clerks and runners had an impact on local society and government control that can not be ignored. These petty officials were regarded as terrifying power by county officials who flowed strongly, because of their humble scholarly honour and long time administrative work in native place. They played important roles in county administration, but meanwhile they also corrupted. Local officials had to rely on them to accomplish the task of administrative management in the short term of office. As a result, the high-handed petty officials and their corrupt behaviors were hardly controlled or eradicated. Furthermore, local officials connived with them to abuse and corrupt. In conclusion, it prevailed in local society during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that petty officials took advantage of other＇s power to disturb residents and juggled with the law.

关 键 词：江南 州县行政 胥吏 社会变迁 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]