黄、渤海沿岸海水养殖池塘冰期环境因子变化的研究  

The changes in water environment in mariculture ponds during icing period in coastal Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea

作　　者：刘伟[1] 丁君[1] 李润玲[2] 常亚青[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连理工大学国家近海和沿岸工程重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2014年第1期51-56,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家海洋公益海冰监测项目(201105016-3);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31072230)

摘　　要：于2012年1—2月从结冰期到盛冰期,监测了渤海湾沿岸的盘锦大洼(1#池塘)、瓦房店北海(2#池塘)、瓦房店沙山(3#池塘)和黄海北部的丹东东港(4#池塘)4处养殖池塘的冰层厚度及冰下不同深度水体的水温、盐度、pH和溶解氧(DO)饱和度。结果表明:结冰期和盛冰期,1#池塘的冰层均较厚,分别为33.6、53.0 cm,3#池塘的冰层均较薄,分别为12.8、17.6 cm;结冰期,1#、2#、4#池塘的水温变化较小,分别为-1.6^-1.8、-1.6^-1.7、-0.8^-1.2℃,3#池塘底层的水温变化较大,为-0.8^-1.4℃,而盛冰期,各养殖池塘均出现温跃层,但温跃层出现的位置和幅度不同;4#池塘水体的盐度在结冰期和盛冰期均较低,为26.4~30.0,而1#池塘水体的盐度在盛冰期较高,为33.5~34.9,从结冰期到盛冰期,1#池塘水体的盐度变化幅度较大,为29.7~34.9,平均变幅达4.5;各养殖池塘水体的pH变化相差较大,结冰期和盛冰期,1#池塘水体的pH均较高(8.6、8.5),4#池塘水体的pH均较低(7.2、7.5);结冰期和盛冰期,各养殖池塘水体的溶氧水平都出现了近饱和或过饱和状态,不存在养殖动物缺氧的现象。研究表明,温度变化可能对池塘中刺参的生理和存活产生一定影响,盐度变化可能对池塘中的菲律宾蛤仔产生影响,冬季如有大面积海冰发生时,可降低水体交换的频率,养殖池塘的深度以350~400 cm为宜。Changes in temperature,salinity,pH value and dissolved oxygen saturation were monitored in culture ponds in coastal Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea including coastal Wafangdian in Dalian,Dawa in Panjin and Donggang in Dandong in Liaoning Province from January to February in 2012.It was found that there was thicker ice depth in the ponds at Dawa in Panjin,33.6 cm during initially iced period and 53.0 cm during heavily iced period.However,the thinner ice depth was observed in the ponds at Wafangdian,and Shashan in Dalian,12.8 cm during initially iced period and 17.6 cm during heavily iced period.There was less water temperature fluctuation in the ponds at Dawa （-1.6 to-1.7 ℃）,Panjin,at Donggang （-1.6 to-1.8 ℃）,Dandong and at Beihai （-0.8to-1.2 ℃）,Wafangdian in Dalian during the initially iced period,except at Shashan （-0.8 to-1.4 ℃）,Wafangdian in Dalian.There was a thermocline during heavily iced period,with variation in location and width.The lower salinity of 26.4-30.0 was found in the ponds at Donggang in Dandong,and higher salinity （33.5 to 34.9,fluctuation from 29.7 to 34.9） in the ponds at Dawa in Panjin during heavily iced period.The higher pH value was found to be between 8.6 and 8.5 in the pond at Dawa in Panjin,the minimum （7.2,and 7.5） at Donggang in Dandong.The dissolved oxygen in the seawater was almost saturated or supersaturated in all ponds during wintering period,and no hypoxia was occurred in the cultured animals.The variation in water temperature was shown to have an effect on the metabolism and survival of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus,and the salinity fluctuation was also shown to have an effect on the survival of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum,at less water exchange and at optimal depth of 350-400 cm in a pond during in the large iced area.

关 键 词：黄、渤海沿岸区 养殖池塘 冰层厚度 水温 盐度 溶解氧 pH 

分 类 号：S961.4[农业科学—水产养殖]