渤海渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素分析  

Variation Characteristics of Catch Structure in the Bohai Sea and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：许思思[1,2] 宋金明[1] 李学刚[1] 袁华茂[1] 李宁[1] 段丽琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]山东省计量科学研究院,济南250014

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2014年第3期500-506,共7页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重点基础研究973项目课题(2011CB403602;2007CB407305);国家基金委"创新研究群体科学基金"(41121064)

摘　　要：论文基于对渔业统计和海洋调查资料的集成研究,运用渔获物平均营养级指数探讨了近50 a来渤海捕捞渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素,发现1956—2000年间,渤海捕捞渔获物平均营养级(Y)与公元年份(X)具有Y=-0.008X+19.777(R=-0.710,n=41,Sig.=0.000)的统计关系,渤海捕捞渔获物平均营养级每年下降约0.01。黄河入海径流量与捕捞渔获物平均营养级之间正相关性显著,其机制是淡水输入量通过改变适应不同盐度渔业资源生物幼体的相对组成而最终影响其成体后的组成结构;通过食物链的传递,水体氮磷比的升高和硅的降低也会对其产生影响;浮游动物与底栖动物生物量比值与浮游食物链和底栖食物链渔业资源生物量比值有很好的对应关系,表明上行作用对捕捞渔获物资源结构的变化具有重要影响。Based on the integrated research and statistical analysis on historical data, using the mean trophic level, this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of primary catch structure and its influencing factors. Results showed that there was an linear relationship between the mean trophic level of primary catch （Y） and the year （X） during 1956 - 2000 （Y =-0.008X＋ 19.777; R =-0.710, n=41, Sig.=0.000）, and that the mean trophic level of primary catch decreased with an average ratio of about 0.01 per year. Results also showed there was significant positive correlation between the freshwater input amount and the mean trophic level of primary catch, the mechanism of which was that freshwater input affected the fishery structure by changing the relative composition of the larvae of fishery species. In recent years, the increased N/P ratio and decreased concentration of silicon （Si） affected the fishery structure in the Bohai Sea via the transfer of the food chain. The change of biomass ratio between zooplankton and benthos corresponded well with the variation of ratio of fishery biomass of the pelagic food chain to that of the benthic food chain, indicating that the bottom-up effect played an important role in variation of catch structure in the Bohai Sea.

关 键 词：捕捞渔获物 平均营养级 淡水输入量 营养盐 上行作用 渤海 

分 类 号：S937[农业科学—渔业资源]