基于定向天线的稻田环境监测WSN网关设计与组网试验研究  

WSN gateway design and networking study of paddy field environmental monitoring based on directional antenna

作　　者：郑少雄[1,2] 王卫星[1,2] 胡浩民 孙宝霞[1,3] 雷刚[1] 张雄[1] 洪炳星[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院/南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广东广州510642 [2]广东省农业物联网研究发展中心,广东广州510642 [3]广东工程职业技术学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第3期204-211,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2010B020315021;2011B020313019)

摘　　要：为了实现稻田环境信息的实时监测,设计了一种基于定向天线无线传感器网络的稻田环境信息监测系统,并对其网关进行设计。网关节点设计以MSP430F149为核心,外围以nRF905射频芯片和节点通信,节点采用土壤水分传感器TDR-3和空气温湿度传感器DHT22对稻田环境信息进行实时采集与处理,选用MC55作为GPRS通信模块,实现了稻田环境信息的远程传输与监控等功能。在该硬件平台编写硬件驱动程序和通信协议、异常短信报警程序和时间同步协议。测试了网关节点的通信距离、功耗、存储速率,对网关的实用性进行实地试验,网关节点通信距离可达331.18 m,1 h工作周期下可持续工作32 d,数据存储速率达849.7 kbps,组网试验结果表明,内网平均丢包率为0.686%,外网平均丢包率为0.712%,传感器节点采集数据稳定,能够满足稻田环境信息监测的需求。Timely and accurate grasp of paddy environmental system information, has important guiding significance for scientific regulation of the growth of rice quality. Monitoring the environmental information including paddy soil moisture, air temperature and humidity etc, is the premise of precise demand irrigation, demand fertilizing and demand spraying. To solve these problems, a WSN gateway based on directional antenna applied in paddy field environmental monitoring was designed, and it had the characteristics of automatic alarm and ensured data integrated. The gateway design included hardware design and software design. A MSP430F149 was used as the gateway core, a ntlF905 RF chip was used as peripherals for node communication. Soil moisture sensor nodes used TDR-3 and air temperature and humidity sensor used DHT22 for paddy environmental monitoring in real-time. The GPRS module MC55 was used as the communication module, which achieved the transmission of environmental information and remote monitoring capabilities. In the hardware platform, hardware drivers and eommunieation protocols, exception message alarm program and time synchronization protocol were written. The communication distance, power and storage rate of the WSN node were tested, the usefulness of the gateway field was studied. The results showed that the gateway node communication distance could be up to 331.18 m, the gateway could work 32 days continuously without solar charging, and maximum storage rate was 849.7 kbps. The networking test results showed that the network packet loss rate was 0.686%, outside the network packet loss rate was 0.712%, sensor node could collect data steadily, it could meet the requirements of information acquisition in paddy field environmental monitoring.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 环境监测 网关 通信协议 稻田 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]