量子斯特林热机的输出功和热效率  

Work Output and Efficiency of Quantum Stirling Engine

作　　者：吴锋[1,2] 汪拓[1] 陈林根[2] 刘晓威[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学理学院,武汉430073 [2]海军工程大学船舶与动力工程学院,武汉430033

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第4期150-154,共5页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51176143)

摘　　要：量子斯特林热机工质为一维势阱中的粒子,其循环由两个等内能过程和两个等势宽过程组成,分别对应经典斯特林热机的两个等温过程和两个等容回热过程。建立二能级系统量子斯特林热机的量子力学模型,研究工质系统量子态的演化规律。通过求解Schr?dinger方程,分析量子斯特林热机循环的量子力学机理。考虑热漏的影响,得到热机的最大输出功和最大热效率。数值计算表明输出功与热效率之间的关系曲线是回原点的柳叶形,与经典斯特林热机循环输出功和效率之间的关系曲线形状相同。在最大输出功和最大热效率之间的曲线,是量子斯特林热机的最佳运行区段。研究结果有助于了解量子斯特林热机的最优热力性能,为量子斯特林热机的最优设计和模型评估提供依据。A quantum Stirling cycle with a single quantum mechanical particle confined in a one-dimensional box trap is made of two isoenergetic branches corresponding to isothermal processes and two constant-well widen branches corresponding to isovolumic regenerating processes. The quantum thermodynamic model of a quantum Stifling engine with two-energy-level is established. The evolution of quantum states is investigated. The quantum characteristics of the cycle are analyzed by solving the SchrSdinger equation. Based on the assumption that there exists a heat leakage between two energy baths, the expressions of the maximum work output W＊ and the maximum efficiency ~/for the two-eigenstate system are derived. The relationship between the work output W＊ versus the efficiency η is obtained by numerical calculation. It is a willow-shaped curve in harmony with that of a classical Stifling cycle. The region between the maximum work and the maximum efficiency is the optimization criteria of a quantum Stirling engine. The analysis will be helpful to further understand the optimal thermodynamic performance of a quantum Stifling engine. The results obtained here provides a new theoretical basis for the model evaluation and the ootimal desigzn of a quantum Stirling engine.

关 键 词：量子热机 斯特林循环 输出功 热效率 

分 类 号：TK121[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]