虾夷扇贝耐高温育种家系的建立与早期筛查  

Establishment of high temperature resistance families and use of laboratory assays to predict subsequent survival in juvenile stage of the Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis)

作　　者：王庆志[1] 李石磊[1] 付成东[1] 张明[1] 滕炜鸣[1] 刘忠颖[1] 刘卫东[1] 李文姬[1] 谭克非[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省应用海洋生物技术开放实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第3期371-377,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205023);辽宁省农业攻关计划(2011203003);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-47);辽宁省海洋与渔业科学技术计划项目(201209)

摘　　要：对于贝类选择育种，维系大量家系养殖设施的成本巨大，如果能在贝类早期发育阶段对生长、存活进行筛查，提前舍弃那些存活率低、生长慢的家系，将有助于节约家系育种的成本。本实验通过室内模拟升温，比较了10个稚贝期全同胞家系在不同温度下存活率的差异，并对这10个家系在自然海区的生长、存活进行了一周年连续监测。结果表明：在室内8、13、18和23℃4个温度梯度下，10个家系经蓄养15—20d后，18和23℃实验组的稚贝存活率差异显著，其中A08和A09家系的存活率最高，即为提前筛选出的耐高温家系；经自然海区一周年养成后，存活的4个家系（A01、A03、A08和A09）的存活率分别为0．9％±0．1％、0．5％±0．1％、34．3％±3．5％和46．5％±5．3％，但家系间壳高差异不显著，表明家系生长与存活无明显相关性；而A08和A09为耐高温家系，这与室内稚贝期升温筛选的结果一致。本实验验证了高温是导致虾夷扇贝夏季大规模死亡的主要原因，并提供了一种在家系稚贝期进行耐高温性提前筛查的方法，将为虾夷扇贝耐高温品系的选育提供参考依据。The Japanese scallop （Mizuhopecten yessoensis）, naturally occurring in Russia, Japan and North Korea,was introduced to China in 1980s. It is economically important and has become a major aquaculture species in the northern Yellow Sea. Recently,＂ Summer mortality syndrome＂ becomes a serious problem for scallop growers. During warm summer months, episodes of high mortality coincide with periods of elevated water temperature,low dissolved oxygen and disease outbreak. Mortalities appear to result from a poorlyunderstood interaction between high temperature, high density aquaculture, genetic depression and opportunistic infection by microorganisms. Resistance to summer mortality may be heritable in scallops, and phenotypic selection has been used to produce resistant strains in other bivalves. However,the broodstock of M. yessoensis used remains unselected in China. We initiated a family selection program for summer mortality resistance in 2011. Selective breeding programs for improving the scallop stocks are expensive, labor-intensive, and typically rely on lengthy field trials in which selection for survival is compromised by inherent stochasticity of outbreaks of ＂summer mortality syndrome＂. Reliable laboratory assays that identify and eliminate poor-performing families prior to planting could improve selection efficiency. We tested the hypotheses that juvenile survival after heat shock predicts adult survival at harvest for full-sib families of M. yessoensis. We heat-shocked（ 18 and 23 ℃）juveniles from each of 10 families, and monitored their survival for 5 -20 days, then classified A08 and A09 families as high-surviving and the others as lowsurviving. We also deployed replicated groups of siblings from all 10 families in coastal waters of Dachangshan Island,Dalian for one year. At harvest, we estimated family-specific average survival（ % ） and average individual shell height. We found that the high survival rates in both A08 （ 34.3 % ±3.5 % ） and A09 （ 46.5 %±5.3 % ） families were

关 键 词：虾夷扇贝 家系 育种 耐高温 早期筛查 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]