51a河北省降水时空分布及变化特征  

Time-spatial distribution and variational characteristics of rainfall in Hebei Province in 51 years

作　　者：向亮[1] 郝立生[1] 安月改[1] 张婧[1] 刘咪咪[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省气候中心,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第1期56-65,共10页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国气象局干旱气象科学基金项目(IAM201201);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206013)资助

摘　　要：利用经验正交函数分解（EOF）、Mann—kendall突变性检验、滑动r检验、最大熵谱分析等方法，分析了河北省1961—2011年降水量的变化情况，结果表明：河北省年降水量空间分布不均，在燕山和太行山迎风坡一侧降水量较大，其中承德南部、唐山、秦皇岛年平均降水量较多，超过600mm，张家口和承德北部年平均降水量较少，不足400mm，各区降水量主要呈下降趋势，除故城、盐山、黄骅、昌黎、唐山、滦县、遵化外，大部分台站下降趋势不显著；河北省年降水量的空间分布既有“一致型”，也存在“南北型”；在时间变化上，除夏季降水量显著减少，5月（8月）显著增加（减少）外，年及其他月季降水量增减不明显；河北省年降水量整体存在2～3a左右的变化周期，在1996年存在突变现象，而各季节降水量的变化有所不同。河北省降水量的时空特征符合河北地形特点及大尺度气候系统的变化规律。The time-spatial characteristics of precipitation in Hebei Province, China during 1961-2011 were ana- lyzed by using Empirical Orthogonal Functions （EOF）, Mann-kendall test, moving t-test, maximum entropy spec- trum. The results showed that the spatial distribution of rainfall is very uneven and the greater precipitation lies on the side of the windward slope of Yanshan and Taihang Mountains. The large value center of precipitation which was greater than 600 mm lies on the southern Chengde, Tangshan, and Qinghuangdao. The precipitation had a downward trend in most area of Hebei. in addition to individual regions, the downward trend was not significant in most areas. The spatial distribution of annual precipitation in Hebei not only had the coherence in the whole area, but also showed variations from south to north, in time trend, the summer precipitation was decreased trend and the decreas- ing trend was anomaly significant, the increase （decrease） in May （August） was the most significant, but not siguifi- cant changes in other momthly, seasonal, annual precipitation, there was a marked change among decades and years; there were abrupt changes and periods on annual and seasonal precipitation. The time-spatial distribution and varia- tional characteristics conform with the terrain feature of Hebei and the variation discipline in large-scale climate system.

关 键 词：降水量 EOF Mann—kendall突变性检验 滑动T检验 最大熵谱分析 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]