张家口市尾矿库环境风险遥感监测应用研究  

The Application of Remote Sensing in the Environmental Risk Monitoring of Tailings pond in Zhangjiakou City,China

作　　者：肖如林[1,2] 吕杰[1,3] 付卓[1,2] 申文明[1,2] 熊文成[1,2] 史园莉[1,2] 曹飞[1,2] 徐前祥[4] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094 [2]国家环境保护卫星遥感重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [4]香港理工大学

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2014年第1期100-105,共6页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项经费资助(201109043);地理空间信息工程国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室资助项目(201312)

摘　　要：尾矿库是一种巨大的环境风险源,一旦发生事故,会给周边环境带来严重危害,因而成为环境应急监管的重点。特别是近年来由尾矿库引起的突发环境事件呈现高发态势,使得尾矿库环境应急管理形势严峻。当前,我国尾矿库环境监管能力薄弱,主要依靠地面调查,信息与技术支撑能力严重不足。为此,面向环境应急管理的工作需求,在分析尾矿库特性及遥感技术特点的基础上,提出了尾矿库环境监管指标体系和监测方法,并以张家口为例,开展了"天地"一体化的尾矿库环境风险监测应用示范,增强了尾矿库的环境监管能力,同时也拓宽了遥感的应用面,为建立基于"天地"一体化的尾矿库环境监管技术体系和服务平台奠定了初步的技术基础。As a kind of huge environmental risk source, tailings pond could cause a huge environmental dis- aster to the downstream area once an accident happened. Therefore it has become one key target of the en- vironmental regulation in China. Especially, recently environmental emergencies caused by tailings pond are growing rapidly in China,the environmental emergency management of the tailings pond has been confront- ing with a severe situation. However,the regulatory agency is badly weak in the environmental regulation of tailings pond by using of ground surveys and statistics which is costly,laborious and time consuming, and the lack of strong technical and information support. Therefore,in this paper,according to the actual needs of the environmental emergency management of tailings pond,we firstly made a brief analysis of the characteristics of the tailings pond and the advantages and capability of remote sensing technology, and then proposed a comprehensive and systematic indexes system and the method of environmental risk monitoring of tailings pond based on remote sensing and GIS. The indexes system not only considers factors from the upstream area, the pond area and the downstream area in a perspective of the risk space theory,but also considers factors from risk source,risk receptor and risk control mechanism in a perspective of risk systems theory. Study show that Zhangjiakou city has up to 580 tailings pond and is nearly located upstream of the water source of Beijing,so finally we apply the pro- posed indexes system and method in Zhangjiakou area in China to collect environmental risk data of tailings pond in that area to work well. Through the use case in Zhajiakou,the technique of using remote sensing to monitor environmental risk of railings pond is feasible and effective,and would contribute to the establish- ment of ＇Space-Ground＇ monitoring network of tailings pond in future.

关 键 词：尾矿库 环境风险 遥感 GIS 环境应急管理 

分 类 号：X83[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]