大洋洲地区大地构造格架与优势矿产资源  

Geological framework and dominant mineral resources of Oceania

作　　者：姚仲友[1] 王天刚[1] 傅朝义 马春[3] 齐立平 孔红杰 汪传胜[3] 李文光 陈刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016 [2]中矿资源勘探股份有限公司,北京100089 [3]江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局,江苏南京210007 [4]山东地矿国际投资有限公司,山东济南250013

出　　处：《地质通报》2014年第2期143-158,共16页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中央地勘基金项目(编号:201130D06200123)

摘　　要：大洋洲横跨印澳板块、太平洋板块和欧亚板块三大板块,区内从太古宙至今经历了漫长的构造演化历史。根据区域地质特征,该区可划分为3个一级构造单元,即澳大利亚中西部前寒武纪克拉通、澳大利亚东部古生代造山带和环太平洋中新生代岛弧区,12个二级构造单元和40个三级构造单元。3个一级构造单元由于经历了不同的构造演化过程,各自发育了不同的岩石组合和矿化作用。在研究区域构造演化与成矿作用耦合关系的基础上,总结出3个构造单元的成矿特征:澳大利亚中西部前寒武纪克拉通成矿过程与克拉通的生长有关,成矿时代主要为太古宙和元古宙,优势矿种为金、铜、镍、锰、铁、铀、稀土、铅锌、铝土等;东部古生代造山带成矿多和古太平洋与古冈瓦纳板块的相互作用有关,成矿时代为古生代,优势矿种为铜、金、铅锌和钨锡;环太平洋中新生代岛弧区的成矿作用多与印澳板块、欧亚板块与太平洋板块的相互作用有关,成矿时代多集中在中—更新世,优势矿种为铜、金、镍、钴等。对大洋洲地区矿产资源潜力进行了评估,认为大洋洲地区的铁、锰、铜、铝、镍、金、铀、稀土等矿产资源均具有较好的潜力。Located across Indo-Australian plate, Pacific plate and Eurasian plate, Oceania has undergone long and complex tectonic evolution since Archean. Three major tectonic units can be identified according to the regional geology of this region, i.e., middlewestern AUstralian Precambrian craton, eastern Paleozoic orogenic belt and Circum-Pacific Meso-Cenozoic island arcs. Theses three major tectonic units could be subdivided into twelfth second-order tectonic units and forty third-order tectonic units. The three major tectonic units exhibit different types of rock assemblage and mineralization due to the unique tectonic evolution history of each unit. Mineralization characteristics of the three major tectonic elements are summarized on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the tectonic evolution and the mineralization events： the mineralization of the middle-western Australian Precambrian craton mainly took place in Archean and Proterozoic, with the dominant mineral resources being gold, copper, nickel, manganese, iron, uranium, R_I/E, lead-zinc bauxite, which were associated with the development of Australian Precambrian craton; the mineralization of the eastern Paleozoic orogenic belt mainly occurred in Paleozoic, and dominant mineral resources were copper, gold, lead-zinc, tungsten and tin, which were associated with the interaction between Palaeo-Pacific and Australia; the mineralization of the Circum-Pacific Meso-Cenozoic island arcs mainly occurred in Miocene-Pleistocene, and the dominant mineral resources produced included copper, gold, nickel and cobalt, which were related to the interaction between Indo-Australian plate, Pacific plate and Eurasian plate. An overall assessment shows that Oceania has very good iron, manganese, copper, gold, bauxite, uranium, nickel and R_EE resource potentials.

关 键 词：构造单元 优势矿产资源 构造事件 成矿作用 成矿系列 找矿远景 

分 类 号：P542.4[天文地球—构造地质学]