巴布亚新几内亚铜金矿床大地构造背景、成因类型与成矿特征  

Tectonic settings, genetic types and main metallogenic features of copper-gold deposits in Papua New Guinea

作　　者：李文光 傅朝义 姚仲友[2] 信迪 葛之亮 宋学信 王天刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]中矿资源勘探股份有限公司,北京100089 [2]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《地质通报》2014年第2期270-282,共13页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中央地勘基金项目(编号:201130D06200123);中国地质调查局项目(编号:1212011120325)

摘　　要：巴布亚新几内亚地质构造格架复杂,包括地台、碰撞造山带、外来地体、俯冲带、岛弧和海底扩张中心。巴布亚新几内亚铜金矿床类型主要为斑岩型铜金矿床、浅成低温热液型金银矿床和夕卡岩型铜金矿床(三者之间具有密切的时间、空间和成因关系),其次为海底块状硫化物矿床。铜金矿床分布比较集中,主要产出于碰撞造山带和岛弧上,其次产出于现代海底扩张中心。铜金矿床大多规模巨大或较大,埋藏较浅,易于勘探和适合露天开采。与铜金矿床有关的岩浆岩大多为钙碱性火山岩和浅成侵入岩,少数与富钾碱性火山岩(橄榄玄粗岩)或侵入岩伴生。铜金矿床蚀变带发育且分带性明显,大多与斑岩体系和/或火山机构有关。虽然许多铜金矿床的矿物成分比较复杂,但是其矿石较易处理和利用。The complex geological framework of Papua New Guinea comprises such structural elements as platform, collisional orogen, allochthonous terrane, subduction zones, island arcs, and seafloor spreading centers. Papua New Guinea＇s copper-gold deposit types include porphyry copper-gold deposits, epithermal gold and silver deposits and skarn copper-gold deposits, which have a close time-space genetic relationship, as well as submarine massive sulfide deposits. Copper and gold deposits in Papua New Guinea are mostly concentrated in collisional orogenic belts and island arcs as well as modern seafloor spreading centers. Most of the copper and gold deposits in Papua New Guinea are giant or large in size, and are characterized by shallow burial depth, easy exploration and suitableness for open-pit mining. Copper and gold deposits in Papua New Guinea are associated mostly with calc-alkaline volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, and subordinately with potassium-rich alkaline volcanic rocks （shoshonite） or intrusive rocks. Alteration and mineralization zones are generally well developed in the copper and gold deposits of Papua New Guinea. Copper and gold deposits in Papua New Guinea are mostly related to the porphyry system and/or volcanic edifice. Although mineral compositions of many copper and gold deposits in Papua New Guinea are complex, the ores of these deposits can be quite easily processed and utilized.

关 键 词：铜金矿床 大地构造背景 成因类型 成矿特征 巴布亚新几内亚 

分 类 号：P618.4[天文地球—矿床学]