抗战胜利后民社党人与中国宪政制度的建立  

CDSP and the Establishment of China's Constitutionalism after 1945

作　　者：尹涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学系,南京210093

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年第3期131-143,共13页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：抗战胜利后,民社党人追求和平民主,希望在中国建立西方式的民主宪政制度。为此,他们在参加制宪国大前后,积极促进国共和谈,努力阻止内战的爆发和进行。他们批评国民党坚持采用的《五五宪草》,是以贯彻孙中山提出的五院分权制度为名建立国民党的独裁统治。他们所草拟的改良的宪法草案,吸收了各党派的意见,成为1946年底制宪国大通过的《中华民国宪法》的底稿,这是他们对中国宪政制度的极大贡献。在《中华民国宪法》中,作为人民代议机构的立法院权力较大,能代表人民对于掌握行政权的总统和行政院进行比较有力的监督和制约,成为与总统并立的国家权力机构,且司法院、考试院和监察院的权力基本上保持独立。这也在相当程度上决定了《中华民国宪法》基本上是一部民主宪法,具有明显的历史进步意义和实践意义。To establish an Anglo-American style democratic constitutionalism in peace was the goal of the China Democratic Socialist Party （CDSP） after the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan in 1945. Therefore, the CDSP members actively advocated peaceful negotiation between the Kuomintang （KMT） and the Communist Party of China （CPC） and attempted to prevent a civil war before and after participating in the National Constituent Assembly. They criticized the KMT＇s May Fifth Constitution Draft for aiming to establish dictatorship through implementing the ＂Separation of Five Powers＂ proposed by Sun Yat-sen. Based on their modification of the Draft, the Constitution of the Republic of China was drawn up and was passed by the National Constituent Assembly at the end of 1946. This was their great contribution to China＇s constitutionalism. According to the Constitution of the Republic of China, the Legislative Yuan as the people＇s representative body has greater power and has the right to supervise and restrain the President and the Executive Yuan, which have executive powers, and is a national authority institution that exists side by side with the President. The Judicial Yuan, Examination Yuan and Control Yuan have independent powers. To certain extent the Constitution of the Republic of China is basically a democratic constitution.

关 键 词：民社党人 民主宪政制度 国共和谈五五宪草 中华民国宪法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] K26[政治法律—法学]