饲料添加半乳甘露寡糖对刺参幼参生长、体壁营养组成及免疫力的影响  

Effects of dietary galactomannan oligosaccharides on growth,digestion, body wall nutritional composition and immunity of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)

作　　者：王际英 宋志东 李培玉 臧元奇 李宝山 张利民 柳旭东 乔洪金 马晶晶 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [2]山东升索渔用饲料研究中心,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2014年第2期310-319,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系刺参产业创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-08-011-08);山东省水生动物营养与饲料泰山学者岗位基金项目;海洋生物产业水生动物营养与饲料创新研发示范平台项目(201303005)

摘　　要：以初始体质量为(1.79±0.06)g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,进行为期8周养殖实验,研究饲料中添加半乳甘露寡糖对刺参生长、消化、体壁营养组成及免疫力的影响。以基础饲料(E0)为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加0.2%(E1)、0.4%(E2)、0.8%(E3)、1.2%(E4)和1.6%(E5)的半乳甘露寡糖,共配制5种实验饲料。结果表明:(1)饲料中添加不同浓度的半乳甘露寡糖对幼参增重率及特定生长率具有显著影响,各处理组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而对脏壁比及肠壁比无显著影响(P>0.05),1.2%(E4组)添加水平下,刺参增重率及特定生长率最高。(2)饲料中添加不同浓度的半乳甘露寡糖对幼参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)饲料中添加不同浓度的半乳甘露寡糖对幼参体壁酸性黏多糖及糖醛酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加半乳甘露寡糖比例0.2%(E1)、0.4%(E2)、0.8%(E3)、1.2%(E4)的处理组,刺参体壁氨基酸总量及谷氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而1.6%(E5)组体壁氨基酸总量及Glu、Gly、Arg含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)饲料中添加半乳甘露寡糖对体壁及体腔液超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶活性具有显著影响(P<0.05),同时对体腔细胞溶菌酶活性影响显著(P<0.05)。实验可以得到以下结论:(1)饲料中添加半乳甘露寡糖不仅可以提高刺参免疫力,并且可以提高特定生长率,并改善体壁氨基酸组成;(2)刺参饲料中半乳甘露寡糖的合适添加比例为1.2%。An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of galactomannan oligosaccharides （GMOS） on the growth, digestion, nutritional composition of the body wall and immunity of juvenile sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus）. A basal diet of 38%crude protein and approximately 1.6%crude lipid was used as the con-trol. The four experimental diets were formulated containing five GMOS levels of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%feed. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of juvenile sea cucumber maintained in indoor fiberglass tanks （80 cm × 70 cm） with circulating seawater （18.0℃± 0.5℃） and constant aeration. Each tank was stocked with 40 indi-viduals with an initial average weight of 1.79 g ± 0.06 g. The results showed that GMOS supplemented at the experi-mental levels significantly enhanced the weight growth rate （WGR） and specific growth rate （SGR, P〈0.05）;however, there was no significant difference for visceral body wall ratio （RV） or intestinal body wall ratio （RI）. WGR and SGR peaked at the 1.2%（E4） GMOS supplementation level. In addition, GMOS supplemented at experimental levels had no significant influence on intestinal pepsin, amylase and cellulase content （P〉0.05） or on body wall acid mucopolysac-charide level of juvenile sea cucumber （P〉0.05）. Juvenile sea cucumbers fed a diet with 0.2%-1.2%GMOS had a sig-nificantly higher body wall amino acid content, including glutamine, glycine and arginine, than the control （P〈0.05）, while those in the 1.6% GMOS group showed no significant difference from the control （P〉0.05）. Furthermore, ex-perimental levels of GMOS supplementation significantly influenced superoxide dismutase （SOD）, alkaline phos-phatase （AKP） and lysozyme （LZM） activity in the body wall and coelomic fluid （P〈0.05）, as well as LZM activity in the coelomic cell （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, sea cucumber fed with a GMOS-supplemented diet not only displayed im-proved immunity but also an enh

关 键 词：刺参 半乳甘露寡糖 生长性能 消化酶 营养组成 免疫力 

分 类 号：S967.3[农业科学—水产养殖]