上海城市绿地土壤肥力特征分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of soil fertility characteristics of Shanghai urban green area

作　　者：郝瑞军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市园林科学研究所,上海200232

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2014年第1期79-84,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[沪农科攻字(2007)第10-1号]资助

摘　　要：采集上海中心城区绿地土壤表层（0-30cm）以及剖面（0-90cm）样品，研究了土壤pH、电导率（Ec）、有机质、氮、磷、钾等肥力特性，并采用内梅罗指数法综合评价了绿地土壤的肥力特征。结果表明：上海中心城区绿地土壤pH以8．0-9．0为主，98．88％土壤的pH高于7．5，土壤电导率主要分布在0．03-2．64mS／cm，平均为0．17mS／cm，有机质以中等含量为主，土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量以中等到偏低为主；大多数绿地土壤有效磷较为缺乏，而土壤全钾、速效钾含量则较为丰富；从剖面分布看，土壤各层次pH差异不明显，而电导率则随土层的加深而增加；有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量随土层的加深而下降，表层显著高于亚表层和底层，全磷、全钾含量表层高于底层，但相互间差异不显著；不同类型绿地土壤肥力表现为公园绿地〉街头绿地〉道路绿地；内梅罗综合肥力指数评价结果显示：上海中心城区绿地土壤肥力指数较低，63．94％土壤的综合肥力指数为0．9-1．8，34．08％土壤的综合肥力指数小于0．9，表现为中等到贫瘠水平，在未来养护中需要有针对性地进行改良。The soil samples collected from both soil surface（0- 30 cm）and soil profile（0- 90 cm）in Shanghai urban green area were analyzed in terms of pH, electric conductivity （EC）, and organic matter,N,P and K contents,and the soil fertility characteristics were comprehensively evaluated by the Nemoro index. The results indicated that the soil pH values were mostly 8.0- 9.0,and 98.88% of the soils were over 7.5 in pH; The soil EC were mainly between 0.03 - 2.64 mS/cm and averagely 0.17 mS/cm;The soils＇ organic matter contents were largely at a medium level;The soils＇ total N, total P and alkali-hydrolyzable N contents were basically at a medium to slightly low level;Most of the green area was lack of available P in soil, but the total K and readily available K were relatively rich. In terms of soil layers, the soil pH values varied less, while with the soil layer＇s depth increasing the soil EC increased but the organic matter, total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P and readily available K contents decreased, and the contents in the surface soil were significantly higher than those in the subsurface and bottom soils;The total P and total K content＇s in the surface soil were higher than those in the bottom soil but there were not significant differences. The descending order of soil fertility was parks＇ green belt〉streets＇ green belt〉roads＇ green belt. The comprehensive evaluation by the Nemoro index showed that the integrated soil fertility index in Shanghai urban green area was relatively low,being 0.9-1.8 in 63.94% of the soils and below 0.9 in 34.08% of the soils. The soil fertility was at a medium to infertile level,so soil improvement should be carried out appropriately.

关 键 词：城市绿地 土壤肥力 土壤评价 上海市 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]