不同供磷水平对胡麻磷素养分转运分配及其磷肥效率的影响  

Effect of different phosphorus levels on phosphorus nutrient uptake,transformation and phosphorus utilization efficiency of oil flax

作　　者：谢亚萍[1] 李爱荣 闫志利[3] 牛俊义[1] 孙芳霞 剡斌 张贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]河北省张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000 [3]河北科技师范学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《草业学报》2014年第1期158-166,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17-GW-9)资助

摘　　要：以“坝选3号”胡麻为材料,研究了不施磷、低磷、中磷和高磷4个不同施磷（P2O5）水平（0,35,70和105kg/hm2）对胡麻植株中磷素累积、转运、分配和磷肥利用效率的影响.结果表明,低磷、中磷和高磷水平时,胡麻各器官不同生育阶段磷素养分吸收和累积量的基本趋势一致,但其变化量与施磷量有极大关系.胡麻地上茎、叶、非籽粒和籽粒中,磷素的日增量增幅因器官而异;胡麻只有叶片中有磷素转移,中磷处理比低磷和高磷处理磷转移量增加54.93％～73.83％和8.19％～10.00％（P＜0.05）,籽粒中20.46％～35.93％的磷素是靠叶片转运而来.胡麻植株磷素累积主要在生殖生长阶段,占整个生育期总累积量的79.02％～92.17％.施磷（P2O5）量为70 kg/hm2时磷肥表观利用率和农学效率最高,分别为20.22％～20.53％和7.30～7.44 kg/kg.胡麻产量随施磷量增加而增加,增幅最高达28.96％～31.46％.结合产量与磷肥表观利用率和农学效率,本实验区同等肥力土壤条件下,以施磷（P2O5）量为70 kg/hm2（中磷）为宜.The effects of phosphorus fertilization level on the phosphorus nutrient uptake,transformation,distribution and phosphorus utilization efficiency of oil flax （Baxuan No.3） during two growing seasons （2011 and 2012） were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Four levels of phosphorus fertilization were：none,low （35 kg/ha）,medium （70 kg/ha）,and high （105 kg/ha）.Different phosphorus application rates affected phosphorus nutrient uptake,transformation and accumulation at different growth stages,and the changes were very similar.At the seedling stage,phosphorus accumulation increased daily and following phosphorus application it accumulated in stems,leaves,non-grains and grains in oil flax,but with increasing daily differences in different organs in contrast to treatment without phosphorus fertilizer application.The phosphorus transferred from leaf to grain in oil flax was an increase of 54.93％-73.83％ and 8.19％-10.00 ％ （P＜0.05） with medium phosphorus application compared with low and high phosphorus applications,respectively.The 20.46％-35.93％ of phosphorus accumulation in grains were transferred from leaves.The phosphorus accumulation was mainly focused on reproduction development stages and the proportion was 79.02 ％-92.17 ％ at all growth stages in oil flax plants.With a 70 kg/ha phosphorus （P2O5） application rate,the maximum phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency were 20.22％-20.53％ and 7.30-7.44 kg/kg,respectively.The grain yield improved with increased phosphorus application and ranged from 28.96％ to 31.46％.Based on synthesized grain yield,phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency,phosphorus agronomic efficiency and environmental pollution,the recommendation of phosphorus fertilizer for oil flax is 70 kg/ha （P2O5） under the climatic conditions of the experimental area.

关 键 词：磷 胡麻 吸收和转运 分配 磷肥效率 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学] S143.2