施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Accumulation, Translocation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：左青松[1,2] 杨海燕[1] 冷锁虎[2] 曹石[1] 曾讲学 吴江生[1] 周广生[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第3期511-518,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000685);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAD01B09);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-00510)资助

摘　　要：于2010—2012年度以5个不同油含量的常规油菜品种为材料,设置120(N1)、240(N2)和360 kg hm–2(N3)3个水平的氮肥处理,在初花期和成熟期取样及定期捡拾田间落叶,测定植株干物质积累量、氮素含量及油含量,研究氮肥水平对油菜氮素积累、运转及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥用量增加,产量和氮素积累总量增加,氮素收获指数和氮素籽粒生产效率逐渐降低。不同处理叶片氮素运转率变幅为76.6%～80.2%,不同氮肥处理间无显著差异。不同处理茎枝氮素运转率变幅为36.0%～57.6%,随着氮肥用量增加而降低。不同处理落叶氮占植株总氮积累量比例的变幅为14.9%～20.3%,随着氮肥用量增加,落叶氮比例逐渐增加。不同处理初花期氮积累量占植株总氮量的变幅为75.5%～90.5%,随着氮肥用量的增加,其比例逐渐增加。初花期积累氮素对后期产量形成作用较大,注重前期施肥可促进花芽分化,形成更多的有效角果,有利于获得高产。In this study, five conventional oilseed rape varieties with different oil contents, including Yangyou 6 （YY6）, Suyou 211（SY211）, Ningyou 20 （NY20）, Zhongshuang 11 （ZS11）, and Zheyou 50 （ZY50） were grown under three N （nitrogen） fertilizer levels： 120 （N1）, 240 （N2）, and 360 kg N ha-1 （N3） from 2010 to 2012. The effects of N application on N accumulation, N translocation rate and N use efficiency were studied through plant sampling, picking deciduous leaf and measuring dry matter weight, N content and oil content. The results showed that with increasing N application rates yield and total N amount in whole plant increased, and N harvest index （NHI） and N use efficiency for grain production （NUEg） decreased. The N translocation rate in leaf ranged from 76.6% to 80.2%, and there were no significant differences among different N fertilizer levels. The nitrogen translocation rate in stem ranged from 36.0% to 57.6%, and decreased with increasing N application rates. The N proportion of deciduous leaf to whole plant ranged from 14.9% to 20.3%, and increased with increasing N application rates. The N proportion of the beginning of flowering stage to ripening stage was from 75.5% to 90.5%, and increased with increasing N application rates. The effect of N amount at the beginning of flowering stage on yield is significant. N application at earlier stage promotes flower bud differentiation and increases effective pods, resulting in higher yield.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 氮素积累 落叶 氮素运转率 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]