土地利用方式对盐渍化农田土壤理化特性的影响  

Effect of land use change on soil physical and chemical properties of salinization farmland

作　　者：王燕[1,2] 赵哈林[1] 潘成臣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所生态与农业研究室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2014年第2期149-155,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家九七三课题(2009CB421303);国家自然科学基金课题(30972422);国家科技支撑课题(2011BAC07B02-06)资助

摘　　要：在甘肃河西地区选择种植大麦和苜蓿的不同程度盐渍化农田为研究对象,研究了土地利用方式对干旱区盐渍化农田土壤理化特性的影响。结果表明:(1)在0-10 cm耕作层土壤有机质和碱解氮含量,在大麦地的大小顺序为非盐渍化农田(S0)>轻度盐渍化农田(S1)>中度盐渍化农田(S2)>重度盐渍化农田(S3)>严重盐渍化农田(S4),在苜蓿地为S1>S0>S2>S3>S4,且两种利用方式各梯度农田间的差异不同;(2)在生长季,大麦农田土壤水分的剧烈变化层只在0-20cm土壤层,苜蓿农田土壤剖面水分剧烈变化层在0-80cm;虽然沿盐渍化梯度的降低,两种农田土壤剖面含水量随时间的变异均增加,但大麦地各梯度农田增加的幅度小于苜蓿地各梯度农田;(3)两种利用方式下不同程度盐渍化农田的土壤含盐量的垂直分布和峰值出现的位置不同。在可溶性盐离子的组成和比例上,两种利用方式下相同程度盐渍化农田之间近似,但大麦地中S0和S1的Cl-、Na++K+浓度明显高于苜蓿地中对应盐渍化农田,且沿盐渍化梯度各离子的浓度变化幅度小于苜蓿农田。In Hexi saline area of Gansu province,taking different salinization stage farmlands under the two land use types（Hordeum vulgare L.and Medicago sativa L.cultivations） as the study object,the effect of land use types on change process of soil physio-chemical characteristics of salinization farmland was studied.Results were as follows：（1） In the depth of 0-10cm,soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in alfalfa were in the following order： slightly salinized field（S1） non-saline field（S0） moderately salinized field（S2） severely salinized field（S3） very severely salinized field（S4）;for barley,it was in the following order： S0 S1 S2 S3 S4,and there had different significant difference between different salinized farmlands under the two land use types.（2） In growing seasons,soil layers of soil water content greatly fluctuating in alfalfa was at 0-80cm,for barley,it was at 0-20cm soil layers.Although seasonal variations of soil water content in the two farmlands were all increased with salinization level reduced,the variations of soil water content in different salinized fields in alfalfa were higher than that of barley.（3） Different salinization level fields had different soil depths of salt accumulation and occuring the peak of average soil salinity under two land use types.In the composition of soil soluble salt ions and ratio,the same salinized level fields under the two land use types were similar;but in barley,the ratios of Cl-and Na＋＋ K＋in S0 and S1 were significantly higher than that of S0 and S1 in alfalfa,and the change ranges of different ions from S4 to S0 were lower than that of alfalfa.

关 键 词：利用方式 盐渍化农田 土壤理化特性 河西走廊 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]