霍布斯的“身体宪法哲学”  

On the “Body Constitutional Philosophy”by Hobbes

作　　者：汪祥胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学人文社科学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2014年第2期132-138,共7页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：江苏省教育厅2011年度高校哲学社会科学基金项目"宪法的身体理论研究"(项目编号2011SJB820007);镇江市反腐倡廉建设研究中心课题"权利本位与权力制衡问题研究"(项目编号2013FFY008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：面对古典"灵魂宪法哲学"所造成的秩序混乱,霍布斯从身体出发对宪法本性进行新的探求。宪法哲学的道德基础是自我保存的自然权利,它根源于对暴死的恐惧。原初的宪法是契约,契约来自立约人的意志,经过"代表"的伟大虚构,它实质上来自于主权者的意志。主权者的意志体现是法律,它规定了主权者和公民的基本权利义务关系。由霍布斯奠定的现代宪法哲学放弃追求有德性的生活,求取生命的保存、身体的自由和舒适。由于古典公民德性的缺失,现代人的身体面临着被国家权力既保护又专制的命运。In dealing with the chaos caused by the classical ＂soul constitutional philosophy＂, Hobbes ventured a new course to the nature of constitution from the bodily perspective. The moral basis of constitution- al philosophy is the natural fight for self - preservation which is rooted from fear of violent death. Contract is the primitive form of constitution, which is initiated by the will of contractors, forged and veiled through ＂rep- resentation＂ but in nature it reveals the will of sovereignty. And the will of sovereignty is realized by laws, which stipulate the relation of basic fights and obligations between sovereignty and citizens. By discarding a virtuous life, modem philosophy, paved by Hobbes, pursues preservation of life and the liberty and comfort- ableness of body. In the absence of classical civic virtue, modem people are in a fate where their body are both protected and manipulated by the sovereignty.

关 键 词：霍布斯 身体宪法哲学 自然权利 契约 主权 

分 类 号：DF08[政治法律—法学理论]