彝族传统畜牧养殖的生物多样性智慧研究  

Research in the Wisdom of Yi Biodiversity of Traditional Animal Husbandry

作　　者：赖毅[1] 严火其[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学图书馆,昆明650201 [2]南京农业大学科技与社会发展研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第5期1-8,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部973专项子项目"不同文明的生物多样性智慧与病虫害可持续控制研究"(2006CB100203)

摘　　要：文章以彝族生物多样性观念分析为基础,总结了彝族传统畜牧养殖与生物多样性有关的基本原则方法和技术。自然环境的多样性影响了彝族人对自然的认识,在彝族的观念中,多样性的存在可以满足人们不同的需求,一个拥有环境多样性、植物多样性和动物多样性的世界才是一个理想的世界。由于不同动物具有生产和生态作用的不同,彝族以畜牧养殖的动物多样性满足生产生活的多种需求;依靠环境和植物的多样性,通过季节性轮牧、火焚等措施恢复草场植被,利用森林树木、农副产品补充饲料不足,采用多种动物的野外混牧节约放牧所需的劳动力,彝族多样性养殖得以持续;在放牧中,通过畜禽与野物的交配,不同类群畜禽的交配,利用不同动物对其他动物繁育的辅助作用,彝族人在获得优良品种的同时,维护了自然动物的多样性。现代畜牧养殖应借鉴彝族传统畜牧养殖的生物多样性智慧,在现有发展与保护措施下,重塑生物多样性与人类生存的自然观念,发展与环境和农业生产相适宜的畜牧技术,进一步开发与利用多样性畜禽品种的生态和生产价值增加畜牧业和农业收益,实现畜牧养殖生产功能与生态服务的和谐发展。On the foundation of concept of Yi biodiversity analysis, the paper summarized the Yi＇s traditional animal husbandry and its biodiversity principle, method and technology. The natural biodiversity influenced the Yi People＇s knowledge of nature. Yi believed that diversity＇ s existence could meet the different needs of people, and an ideal world should have a diversity of environment, plant and animal. Due to different animals with different function of production and ecological, diversity animal husbandry satisfied a variety of production and living needs of Yi. Yi diversity husbandry has been sustained depending on the environment and plant diversity, restoration of grassland vegetation by seasonal grazing, grass burning and other measures. Forest trees and agricultural by-products have been utilized to meet the insufficient supply for animal feed. More labor has been saved using a variety of pastures. Yi people obtained the fine variety of livestock ＆ poultry while maintaining the diversity of natural animals through mating between livestock and wild animals, and different livestock in pasturing, and using the supplementary role in breeding provided by different animals. Modern animal husbandry should draw lessons from the wisdom of Yi biodiversity of traditional animal husbandry. On the present development and protection measures basis, the modern animal husbandry shouldremodel the natural concept on the relationship of biological diversity and human survival, develop animal husbandry technologies to suit the environment and agricultural production, increase the income of husbandry and farming by exploiting the diverse livestock ＆ poultry ecological and productive values to realize a harmonious development on animal husbandry of the production and ecological service.

关 键 词：彝族 畜牧养殖 生物多样性 自然观念 放牧技术 繁殖技术 

分 类 号：S8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]