不同沟灌方式下土壤水、热分布研究  

The Distribution of the Water and Temperature Under Different Furrow Irrigation Methods

作　　者：李彩霞[1] 周新国[1] 孙景生[1] 邱新强 李新强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]河南省水利科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第5期158-164,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"交替隔沟灌溉条件下SPAC系统水热传输机制与模拟"(51009139);"十二五"国家"863"计划项目"作物生命需水过程控制与高效用水生理调控技术及产品"(2011AA100502);"十二五"公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"黄淮海高产农田作物需水及高效用水技术研究与示范"(201203077);"主要农作物涝渍灾害防控关键技术研究与示范"(201203032)

摘　　要：为了阐明不同沟灌方式对土壤水、热分布的影响,开展大田分区试验,研究了玉米生长期间交替隔沟(AFI)和常规沟灌(CFI)方式下不同位置处(沟位、坡位、垄位)土壤水热变化。结果表明,在一个灌水周期内,AFI的根区土壤水分以向下和侧向入渗为主,土壤水分有利于被作物根系吸收利用,而CFI的根区土壤水分始终保持较高的水平,促进土壤水分向根区以下移动,容易发生渗漏损失;沟灌方式引起剖面土壤温度的变化,高水分区域引起低土温,1个灌水周期内AFI根区平均土温比CFI高0.56～1.78℃,但不同点位之间根区平均土温差异较CFI小。在玉米生长期间,AFI根区平均土温比CFI高0.05～2.16℃,根区平均土壤含水量比CFI低3.31%左右。土温与土壤含水量存在良好的二次曲线关系,当土壤含水量X=37.30%时,土壤温度出现最低值。因此,与常规沟灌相比,交替隔沟灌溉具有控墒调温的作用,有利于根区土壤水分的高效利用,促进根区土温的均匀分布。In order to understand effect of different furrow irrigation methods on soil water and heat distribution, variation of soil water and heat at different sites （furrow, slope and ridge） in maize field with alternative furrow irrigation （AFI） and conventional furrow irrigation （CFI） was investigated. Results showed that： most of soil water in root zone with AFI moved downward and laterally during an irrigation period. It was conductive to crop roots to uptake soil water. Soil moisture in root zone with AFI was always to maintain a high level to promote soil water to move out the root zone, increasing the probability of deep percolation. Variation of the temperature in the soil profile was caused by furrow irrigation patterns. Low value of soil temperature happened in the zone with high soil moisture. During an irrigation period, soil temperature in root zone with AFI was higher than that with CFI by 0.56-1.78℃, but the soil temperature difference among different sitesCFI by 3.31%. The relationship between soil temperature and soil moisture could be figured by a quadric equation. When soil moisture X was 37.3%, soil temperature was at its lowest. Therefore, compared with CFI, AFI had important roles to regulate soil moisture and temperature. It was beneficial to high efficiency use of soil moisture in root zone and uniform distribution of soil temperature in root zone.

关 键 词：交替隔沟灌溉 常规沟灌 土壤水分 土壤温度 分布 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]